Introduction to the Results Framework

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Introduction to the Results Framework
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What is a Results Framework?

• Graphic and narrative representation of a
  strategy for achieving a specific objective
• Includes the objective, necessary intermediate
  results (IR), and any critical assumptions
• Conveys the implicit development hypothesis
  (cause-and-effect linkages)
• Used as a planning, communication, and management
  tool

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Reaching results the causal pathway
Early in life of a strategic objective (SO)
Later in life of SO
Strategic
Objective
Results Level
Intermediate
Results
Outputs
Activity Level
Inputs
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Causal Pathways Can Be Illustrated in a Problem
Tree

• Regional prevalence increasing
• HIV/AIDS reducing GDP
• Expenditures on HIV/AIDS draining household
  savings
• HIV/AIDS threatening labor supply

If ------then
Adverse policy environment
HIV risk behavior unchecked
Limited care support services
Insufficient leadership commitment
Social stigma discrimination
Information services dont reach men
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Match Problems with Solutions inResponse Tree
If ------then
Result
Improve policy environment
Reduce HIV risk behavior
Increase care support services
Increase leadership commitment
Reduce social stigma discrimination
Provide services to reach men
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Results Tree (Illustrative) Intermediate
Results/Outcomes for One of Three Program Areas

• Spread of HIV/AIDS halted by 2015 and reversal
  begun
• Impact of HIV/AIDS on GDP reduced by 5 by 2008
• Impact of HIV/AIDS on national savings reduced by
  10 by 2008
• Impact of HIV/AIDS on the labor supply reduced by
  5 by 2008

Activities .Outputs/Outcomes. Results
Human rights protected
HIV transmission prevented
Care support services provided
Support participation ofPLWHA ?
Stigma discrimination reduced
Fair safeworkplace ensured
PLWHA support groups strengthened
Leader service provider sensitivity and
solidarity ?
PLWHA representedon all national bodies
Worksite HIV/AIDS training expanded for unions
business
Implementationof legal, ethical HR
guidelines ensured
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SO3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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What is a Strategic Objective?

• The most ambitious result (measurable change)
  that an organization along with its partners can
  materially affect and for which it is willing to
  be held accountable.

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An SO Reflects Four Key Concepts

• Significant development result
• Measurable change
• Manageable interest
• Accountability

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In other words, an SO is

• Heart of the strategy
• Organizations judgment of the possible
• Where accountability rests
• Foundation for all program actions
• Standard for judging performance

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Drafting the SO 3 elements
What are you trying to achieve (your objective)?
How will you achieve your objective?
How will you know if you have reached your
objective?
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Three Common Pitfalls

• Definitional linkages
• SO Strengthened Institutions
• IR 1 Improved institutional capacity for
  delivering goods and services

• Categorical linkages
• SO Increased use of Primary Health Care services
• IR 1 Increased use of Maternal-Child Health
  services
• IR 2 Increased use of Family Planning/Reproductiv
  e Health services
• IR 3 Increased use of HIV/AIDS services

• Chronological linkages
• SO Sustainable policies and strategies in health
  adopted
• IR1 Sustainable policies and strategies
  developed and tested
• IR 2 Sustainable policies and strategies
  promoted

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Performance Monitoring Plan
A mandatory plan and record of the performance
indicators which an organization will use to
track progress toward achievement of its
strategic objective and intermediate results.
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The PMP

• Management tool for implementing organization
• Blueprint for collecting, analyzing and reporting
  performance data
• Basis for annual reporting
• Auditable

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3 Stages of PMP Development

• Stage 1 During strategy development
• Stage 2 Following strategic plan approval
• Stage 3 During strategy implementation

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Elements of a PMP

• REQUIRED
• Detailed description of indicators
• Source, method, schedule, and responsibility for
  data collection
• Known data limitations, significance, and actions
  to address limitations
• Data quality assessment procedures

RECOMMENDED

• Justification for selecting indicators
• Plans for data analysis, reporting, review and
  use
• Evaluations and special studies
• Costs of collecting, analyzing and reporting data
• Activity level indicators
• Plans for monitoring development hypothesis,
  critical assumptions and context