Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

1
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo and Julio Abascal
• Laboratory of Human Computer Interaction for
  Special Needs
• University of the Basque Country

LHCISN
10th International Conference on Computers
Helping People with Special Needs
2
Introduction I
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Different overlapping terms refer to Universal
  Access
• Design for All
• Accessible design
• Inclusive design
• Online services in the Internet should be
  accessed by
• Anyone ? people with disabilities
• Different technologies ? hardware and software
• Diverse situations ? different environments
• Several online services still fail to be
  accessible.

? Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
1/21
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Introduction II
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Inclusive guidelines such as WCAG have been
  published and adopted by several governmental
  institutions.
• Useful for accessible content development.
• They have extended web accessibility awareness.
• However, WCAG are a generic approach and do not
  take into account specific disabilities.
• Web sites failing to accomplish WCAG may be
  accessible for some user groups.
• On the other hand, even if a website fulfils all
  the guidelines it is possible that some users may
  continue having problems.

? Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
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ICCHP 2006
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Introduction III
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Developers cannot be aware of all user groups'
  restrictions.
• There are not guidelines for all potential
  users/disabilities.
• There are not automatic evaluation tools.
• It is unmanageable to consider all user groups'
  features.

? Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
3/21
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Personal Web Accessibility (PWA) I
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• The need for guidelines personalization and
  customization
• What we understand by Personal Web
  Accessibility
• "The profile associated to a user or group of
  users that let developers design websites
  according to their special"
• Different sets of guidelines associated to a
  specific user group in a specific situation
• How is a PWA profile defined
• Accessibility guidelines set(s)
• Definition of the device accessing the WWW

Introduction ? Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
4/21
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Personal Web Accessibility (PWA) II
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Once the profile is created we can infer
  accessibility metrics when performing
  evaluations.
• Quality assurance
• Information retrieval processes
• A framework to assist web developers creating
  accessible websites for particular users
• PWA framework requirements
• 1. Guidelines for specific users ? guidelines
  manager
• 2. Accessing device definition ? a common
  vocabulary
• 3. A flexible evaluation tool so that evaluations
  can adapt to new profiles
• 4. A module to gather evaluation information and
  infer metrics
• Adaptation and customization of accessibility
  evaluation tools can be performed

Introduction ? Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
5/21
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Integrating profiles into a evaluation tool
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Flexible implementation of guidelines
• Machine understandable guidelines ? Guidelines
  in XML
• Statements in natural language should be
  expressed
• An interface to manage guidelines and profiles
• Define new accessibility guidelines
• Create and edit new profiles
• Create new profiles combining existing ones
• Publish developed profiles and guidelines so
  that users can extend or edit them
• Find guidelines according to different criteria
• Operable by humans and other software modules
• A module for guidelines evaluation
• Independent from guidelines
• Evaluate according to guidelines within profiles

Introduction ? Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
6/21
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PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
Guidelines and profiles are stored in a XML
database.
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
7/21
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Guidelines in XML in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• GXML is a XML based language for guidelines
  definition
• Currently WCAG 1.0 and Mobile Web Best Practices
  (MWBP) are defined

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
WCAG 1.0 http//sipt07.si.ehu.es/evalaccess2/index
.html
MWBP 1.0 http//sipt07.si.ehu.es/evalaccess2/mobil
e/index.html
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8/21
ICCHP 2006
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PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
Guidelines and profiles are stored in a XML
database.
A user creates a profile by using the profile
manager (optional)
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
9/21
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Profile Manager in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• A web application for guidelines and profiles
  definition
• No need to understand GXML
• Not necessary software installation
• Universal Access from Web Browser
• Guidelines and profiles centralized management
• Access to guidelines repository
• Guidelines search, use and extend
• Permission management to guidelines
• Example
• Accessibility guidelines for the elderly
  Kurniawan
• E-learning accessibility guidelines Freed
• Result e-learning guidelines for the elderly

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
10/21
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Profile Manager in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
ltGUIDELINEgt ltIdgt6lt/Idgt ltTitlegtEnsure that pages
featuring new technologies transform
gracefullylt/Titlegt ltURLgthttp//www.w3.org/TR/WCAG1
0/gl-new-technologieslt/URLgt ltCheckpointgt
ltIdgt4lt/Idgt ltDescriptiongtFor scripts and
applets, ensure that event handlers are
input device-independent.lt/Descriptiongt
ltPrioritygt2lt/Prioritygt ltKeywordgt
ltNamegtAlt/Namegt ltAttributegt
ltNamegtONCLICKlt/Namegt
ltTypegt6lt/Typegt
ltValuesgt ltValuegtONKEYPRESSlt/Valuegt
lt/Valuesgt lt/Attributegt
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
11/21
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PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
Guidelines and profiles are stored in a XML
database.
2. The evaluation module retrieves guidelines to
be evaluated
A user creates a profile by using the profile
manager (optional)
1. The manager interacts with the XML DB
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
12/21
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Websites Evaluation in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Apart from the web interface, the profile
  manager has a programming interface
• The evaluation module gathers the required
  guidelines from the database via the profile
  manager
• After performing the evaluation, results are
  reported to the Report Manager

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
13/21
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PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
3. After evaluation errors are reported
Guidelines and profiles are stored in a XML
database.
2. The evaluation module retrieves guidelines to
be evaluated
A user creates a profile by using the profile
manager (optional)
1. The manager interacts with the XML DB
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
14/21
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Evaluation Reports in XML in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Evaluation results are also formatted in an XML
  based language
• Automatic report manipulation
• Statistical data
• Reports customization
• Customized evaluation tools can be easily
  developed

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
Example with Mobile Web Best Practices
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
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PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
4. Metrics are calculated
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
3. After evaluation errors are reported
Guidelines and profiles are stored in a XML
database.
2. The evaluation module retrieves guidelines to
be evaluated
A user creates a profile by using the profile
manager (optional)
1. The manager interacts with the XML DB
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
16/21
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Metrics in PWA Architecture
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Report Manager gets evaluation results from
  evaluation module
• Machine-understandable (XML) format
• Evaluation data are automatically obtained
• Number of errors and their priorities
• Number of potential errors
• The metrics manager obtains valuable data useful
  for
• Information retrieval processes
• Web accessibility evolution measurement
• Quality assurance
• Customized evaluations and metrics are obtained
• In the end, the framework allows to keep track
  of personalized accessibility profiles

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility ? PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
17/21
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Accessing device to the WWW
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Profiles are enhanced using CC/PP (Composite
  Capability / Preference Profiles)
• CC/PP is a RDF-based common vocabulary for
  profiles description
• Hardware and software features are described
• Evaluations could be personalized if access
  constraints are available
• Accessing device features are used in the
  evaluation guidelines
• Best practice LARGE_GRAPHICS in MWBP 1.0
• "Do not use images that cannot be rendered by
  the device" ? large images in mobile devices have
  to be avoided
• "Large" is ambiguous. It is necessary to know
  the size of the screen

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture ? Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
18/21
20
Accessing device to the WWW
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt ltrdfRDF xmlnsrdf"http//w
ww.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns"
xmlnsccpp"http//www.w3.org/2002/11/08-ccpp-sche
ma" xmlnsex"http//www.example.com/schema"gt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.example.co
m/profileMyProfile"gt
ltccppcomponentgt ltrdfDescription
rdfabout"http//www.example.com/profileTerminal
Hardware"gt ltrdftype rdfresource"http//www.e
xample.com/schemaHardwarePlatform"/gt
ltexdisplayWidthgt320lt/exdisplayWidthgt
ltexdisplayHeightgt200lt/exdisplayHeightgt
CC/PP
Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture ? Accessing device to the
WWW Conclusions
Guideline Large images in mobile devices have
to be avoided"
ltKeywordgt ltNamegtIMGlt/Namegt ltAttributegt
ltNamegtwidthlt/Namegt ltTypegt2lt/Typegt ltValuesgt
ltValuegt320lt/Valuegt lt/Valuesgt
lt/Attributegt lt/Keywordgt
GXML
Enhanced guideline "If there is an image wider
than 320 pixels report an error"
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
19/21
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Conclusions
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Scenarios of use
• Research derived guidelines validation
• User specific evaluation tools can be designed
• Work in progress
• Future Work
• Adapt Evaluation Reports to EARL
• Make possible CC/PP integration in the framework

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the WWW ?
Conclusions
LHCISN
ICCHP 2006
20/21
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References
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Kurniawan Kurniawan, S. and Zaphiris, P.
  (2005). Research-derived web design guidelines
  for older people. In proceedings of International
  ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 2005,
  ASSETS, 129-135.
• Freed Freed, G., Rothberg, M. and Wlodkowski,
  T. (2003) Making Educational Software and Web
  Sites Accessible, http//ncam.wgbh.org/cdrom/guide
  line/

Introduction Personal Web Accessibility PWA
Architecture Accessing device to the WWW ?
Conclusions
LHCISN
21/21
ICCHP 2006
23
Architecture for Personal Web Accessibility

• Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo and Julio Abascal
• ANY QUESTION?
• Laboratory of Human Computer Interaction for
  Special Needs
• University of the Basque Country

LHCISN
10th International Conference on Computers
Helping People with Special Needs