The Clash of Civilizations I

1

• The Clash of Civilizations I
• The Clash of Civilizations II

2
The Cold War

• 2 competing systems different ideologies
  planned economy versus capitalism
• Gorbachev and reforms in the Soviet Union
  economic stagnation of great importance planned
  economic system not working
• 9 November 1989, our era ended.
• 5 December 1989 Pravda admitting Cold War over

3
Time Scale

• Fukuyama believes once system opened up people in
  Eastern Europe turned their backs on planned
  economy and chose capitalism
• Redemocratization in Latin America
  Chile/Argentina/Brazil

4
Francis Fukuyama The End of History

• Former US State Department official
• Third World Expert
• 1989 wrote The End of History the Last
• Man Standing
• 1994 becomes a book

5
The End of History

• The triumph of the Westan unabashed victory of
  economic political liberalismthe total
  exhaustion of viable systematic alternatives to
  Western liberalism.
• Liberal democracy will make the world more safe
• (1) democracies do not go to war against
• each other
• (2) globalisation interdependence
• (3) great faith in International Organizations
• Washington Consensus

6
The Clash of Civilizations?

• Samuel Huntington Professor at Harvard.
  Interprets the same events but make very
  different conclusions - 1993 The Clash of
  Civilizations?
• Some people wanting to fight against this
• Role of the internet
• End of the Cold War where could people turn?
• Dissenters needing something different from
  ideology

7
The Clash of Civilizations?

• It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source
  of conflict in the new world will not be
  primarily ideological or primarily economic. The
  great divisions among humankind and the
  dominating source of conflict will be cultural.
  Samuel Huntington.

8
Cultures

• Huntington believed 7 main cultures to the fore
• Western
• Confucian
• Japanese
• Islamic
• Hindu
• Slavic-Orthodox
• Latin American
• Possibly African

9
The Clash of Civilizations?

• 6 reasons why this will take place
• Differences not only real but basic
• World has become smaller fear of the other
• The importance of nation states has been reduced
• Dual role of the West
• Cultural differences more difficult to resolve
  than economic ones - Russians communists in
  former Soviet Union
• Economic regionalism increasing Mexico Japan

10
The Clash of Civilizations?

• Cultural divisions increased as ideological ones
  disappeared
• (1) Europe
• (2) former Yugoslavia role of Russia
• (3) Africa

11
The Clash of Civilizations?

• Middle East
• Dominated from World War 2 by Europe
• 1991 Saddam Hussain hero in the Arab world

12
The Clash of Civilizations?

• What about violence within the same culture?
• Huntington believes this massively reduced
• 1991/1992 problems between Russia and the Ukraine
• Countries with different cultures will
  disintegrate

13
Conclusions

• End of Cold War causing great uncertainty end
  of the bipolar nature of international relations
• Re-democratisation
• Fukuyama and the end of history
• Huntington The Clash of civilizations?

14
Conclusions

• 7 different cultures
• Huntington believes this will be the source of
  future conflicts
• 6 reasons why this will happen
• Divides reappeared Europe, former Yugoslavia,
  Africa,
• Middle
  East

15
Conclusions

• Violence can occur in the same civilizations but
  chance of this reduced
• Countries with different cultures will
  disintegrate
• Culture the most important thing