2' Consumer Organics Organics Living Living

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2. Consumer Organics Organics Living
Living
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3.Decomposer Organics InorganicsLiving
Environment
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• 8. Transfer of energy between living and physical
  parts of environment is coupling with energy
  flow.

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Q. Why do we find or do not find some organisms
in some places?
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A. 1.They could not go there. 2.They could not
tolerate the environment there.
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• Q.Why do we find human everywhere?
• A. 1. They can go everywhere!
• 2. They can modify environment.

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Q. Can materials be transferred through time
scale?
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Q. Can some materials become concentrated through
transfer processes?
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Energy transfer
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• Fundamental concepts
• 1. Life need energy to maintain homeostasis and
  self-perpetuation.
• 2. All processes in all biosystems need energy.
• 3. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but
  may be transformed.
• 4. No spontaneous transformation of energy is
  100 efficient.
• 5. Less energy is transferred through each
  successional step.

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6. The earth will be normal if there is balance
in energy budget.
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Q. What will happen to biosystem if they could
not continually and efficiently taking, using and
dissipating energy?

• A. They will return to natural disorder.

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Q. What does it mean?
A. Death
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ConclusionDeath means going back to freedom
of biosystem!
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Q. What are the mechanisms of energy transfer
in biosystems?
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1. Production
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Q. What are the mechanisms of production? 1.1
Photosynthesis by plants6CO26H2OSolar energy
C6H12O6O2Carbon dioxideWaterSolar
energy GlucoseOxygen
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1.2 Chemosynthesis by chemosynthetic
bacteriaHydrogen sulfide Carbon dioxide
Energy Organic nutrients
H2SCO2Energy (CH2)n
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Are productions on the Earth equal?
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What are the causes of variation in productions
on the earth?
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2. Transformation of productions
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Q. What are transformation in ecosystems?
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1.Transformation of production (energy and
matter)
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2. Transformation of nutrients
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Who does receive the productions?

• Q. What will happen to gross primary productivity
  in an ecosystem?

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1. Use by producer (1/7)2. Transfer to consumer
(2/7)3. Transfer to decomposer (4/7)
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Q. How do organisms use the productions?
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A. The completely reverse of photosynthesis
Respiration