BUS 270

1
BUS 270

• Part 2
• Chapter 1

2
Definition IS

• Terms IS, IT, BIS, CIS
• Processing of data, making it into information
  which is used by the firm
• Supporting professional tools such as CAD
• CS is different
• And be aware of manufacturing technology which
  uses information from or outputs to the IS
  environment CAM

3
Basically

• The use of computers to support the business
  enterprise

4
Definition OF

• Is a programmable, electronic device that is
  capable of
• storing
• retrieving
• processing
• data

A Computer
5
Programmable Meaning

• Set of instructions that tell the computer what
  to do , when to do it, and how to do it
  (software)

6
Differing Types4 Classifications of Computers

• Supercomputers
• Largest
• Mainframes
• Business
• Minicomputers
• not used as much today
• Microcomputers/PCs
• most used today

7
Study computers within the IS Framework (Page 6
7)

• Foundation concepts
• Processing
• Information Technologies Hardware, Software,
  networks and Databases
• Business Applications
• uses
• Development process
• Management Challenges

8
How Computers WorkThe IPO Cycle

• IPO Means
• Input
• Process
• Output

9
What is Data?

• Data is a single measure or descriptor
• Temperature is 100
• Name is Rick

10
Data Information

• Where information is relative or conjunctive
• It requires two or more points
• And it allows for the formations of a concept
• Temperature example

11
And Knowledge

• Is the application of
• Rules
• Laws
• Etc.

12
History

• Started with data processing Update data
  measures or descriptors
• Data processing
• Later refined it into information
• Information processing
• Now making knowledge systems
• Programming rules

13
So how Process??

• Use Circuits ( we call them Chips)
• Represent things by turning circuits on or off
• That is where 0s and 1s we talk about come from.
  0s and 1s represent on or off circuits.

14
Process

• But if we had only 0 1 we could only represent
  2 things.
• We need at least 10 numbers and 26 letters, not
  to mention some symbols.

15
Process

• We do this by grouping circuits into something
  called a Bit.
• The first computers had 8 bits
• That means 8 things taken 2 ways are possible
• Or 64 enough for 0-9 and 26 letters plus some
  symbols
• Now we have 32 Bits and are working on 64

16
How Work

• Why 64 bits?
• There is a limit to how large a number you can
  store in 8 Bits, 16 or 32 bits. The larger the
  Bit grouping, the larger number you can store.
• The larger the number you can store using a
  single Bit, the faster the computer will be.

17
Process

• We do this by grouping circuits into something
  called a Bit.
• The first computers had 8 bits
• That means 8 things taken 2 ways are possible
• Or 64 enough for 0-9 and 26 letters plus some
  symbols
• Now we have 32 Bits and are working on 64

18
Illustration

• Think of it like having five lights with five
  switches all around the room. What would you
  have to do to set some combination of on or off
  lights?
• How much faster would setting some combination of
  on/off lights would be if all the switches were
  together in one place?

19
Processing

• In order to fascinate processing computers have
  two means of retaining things
• Memory
• Storage

20
Processing

• Memory is electronic or optical pulses it needs
  a current.
• Storage is electromagnetic or optical etchings,
  so like a magnet it stays after the power is off.

21
Processing

• Memory is used directly in support of processing.
• It is divided into input and output areas

22
Processing

• While storage is used for just that to
  permanently store data for future use.
• So storage is more dormant.
• Data in storage is referred to as a file.

23
Processing

• What is a file?
• A collection of data
• Usually organized into fields and records.
• Records Are a collection of related Fields
• While Fields Are a single piece of descriptive
  data
• Example
• A car lot a file
• A single car a record
• An engine a field

24
Processing

• A program, when stored, is actually just another
  file

25
Processing

• With storage IPO expands to IPOS
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• AND/OR Storage

26
Processing

• To get a file from storage to memory we need to
  Read it
• But first we need to get it ready or open it
• Its like doing your homework
• Get the book
• Open the book
• Read the book

27
Processing

• To get data saved in storage we Write it
• Just like you taking notes on an assignment.
• And when done we close the file
• Just like you close your book

28
Finally

• We might add controls to our process turning IPOS
  to IPOSC
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• AND/OR Storage
• Control

29
Control

• Control requires feedback
• A lot of IS is to provide feedback to management
  on how business operations or processes are
  performing
• So just as the system can adjust it process, so
  too can management!

30
So What is an Information System?

• All computers are systems designed to Process
  Data
• Systems Are
• a regularly interacting group of parts which form
  a unified whole

31
Parts of a Computer System
OUTPUT
PROCESSING
STORAGE
INPUT
32
Divided into two Major Components

• Hardware
• Software
• These work together to make the computer function

33
Computer Hardware Components are Categorized

• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Processing (Brain)
• Memory (Brain)
• Storage (Notepad)
• Communication Devices

Communication
Central Processing Unit Memory
Output Device
Input Device
Storage
34
Software Breaks Down by Type or Purpose

• Operating Software
• Windows
• Novell
• Application Software
• languages
• COBOL
• Visual BASIC
• C
• And Packaged
• Word
• Excel
• Explorer

35
Software

• Think of Packaged software which has been put in
  a nice user package.
• But somewhere behind it is VB or C
• And Language Software becomes Packaged when an
  application is written and compiled

36
Software

• Need Operating System Software AND One of either
• Packaged Software OR
• Language Software
• To make something happen

37
SYSTEMS

• Besides being a system onto themselves, computers
  can be linked forming larger systems
• Examples include
• Interconnected
• Distributed
• Client server

38
Connectivity

• To do this computers are connected together
• This allows the sharing of files between
  computers and users

39
Connectivity

• The internet is the most known connection of
  computers
• Be we know that they can also be connected
  locally making a LAN or Local Area Network
• Or be larger making an intranet
• Or have external, but private connections making
  an extranet

40
Connectivity

• Computers that are inter-connected find things by
  using an address.
• The internet has a standard address based on
  numbers
• Your computer uses Drives, folders and file names

41
Connectivity

• Increasingly, we are using the same user
  interface to find files on the internet as well
  as on on computer.
• That is why we have
• Windows Explorer
• Internet Explorer

42
Connectivity

• When computers are in a LAN, there is software to
  allow the slave computer find things in the
  storage of the master as if the item were
  stored on the slave
• Master Server or host
• Slave PC
• That is why files on a LAN look the same as files
  on the PC

43
Connectivity

• How tell what is what?
• Drive names
• C is usually the PCs own hard drive
• A is the Floppy drive (show)
• Used to be a B
• D is often a CD Drive
• E F are reserved for additional local drives
• G and up are on the server.

44
A LAN
45
Connectivity

• Other networks
• MAN RAN
• WAN
• GAN
• Large Businesses often use WANs to connect sites
  in a region together
• And MANS to connect a Campus

46
Applications

• Management systems
• MIS
• DIS
• EIS
• Operating Systems
• Transaction
• Control
• Collaboration (Not)

47
Remember

• Professional support systems such as CAD
• Manufacturing systems such as CAM

48
CAD CAM

• Support mass customization
• And are uses of IS and/or providers to IS

49
Goal

• Establish an Enterprise wide master system
• With everyone able to share the same data or
  information
• Issues
• Independent legacy systems
• Data integrity

50
Abilities

• To analyze what customers want and
• Rapidly provide it
• Giving customers easy access to products and
  services
• And complete customer service
• Product service information
• Problem resolution
• At a reasonable cost

51
Development

• Two ways depending on language type
• Structured design
• Prototyping

52
Prototyping

• System versus process Dont confuse
• Experiment versus Prototype Dont confuse
• Fighter example
• X
• Y
• F
• Versions

53
Challenges

• Avoid
• Gotta have everything
• Gotta have it now!
• Need to focus on delivering value and that takes
• Time
• And/or the correct foundation

54
Other Challenges

• What to do with brick and mortar when customers
  shift to ecommerace
• How secure it all