Advanced Fire Information System

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Advanced Fire Information System
Philip Frost CSIR - Meraka Institute
www.sac.co.za
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CSIR Satellite Application Centre
MODIS 3.2 m antenna
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CSIR MODIS DB stations
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CSIR MODIS DB Coverage
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Sediba Processing System
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ACTIVE FIRES 2001 animation 1km MODIS active
fire detections (red) superimposed on MODIS 16
day NDVI
Provided by Dr David Roy
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Advanced Fire Information System

• CSIR and Eskom (SA Power Utility) initiated the
  development of AFIS in 2004
• Main aims
• Detection (Near real time fire detection)
• Assessment (Burn area mapping)
• Prediction (Fire Danger Index)
• Serve as a research tool as well as an alert
  service for fire suppression
• Based on multiple satellite sensors
• Focus on Southern Africa

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Why ESKOM ?

• ESKOM produces 95 of South Africas electricity
  and 70 of Africas
• Each year ESKOM experiences a substantial amount
  down time on its transmission lines due to
  wildfires.
• Flames, and the hot air resulting from flames can
  cause flash overs from line to line and from line
  to ground. Hot air reduces what is called the
  flash over potential. Flames are compared to air
  (even hot air) a good conductor. The flash over
  occurs in the form a of a lightning bolt
• A flash over will cause a 300 ms dip in
  electricity flow which can severely impact some
  machinery

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The Anatomy of the Power Grid
TRANSMISSION LINE
TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION
765/400/275/220/132 kV
Power station
DISTRIBUSION LINE
DISTRIBUTION SUBSTASION
(165/132/88/33 kV)
RETIKULASIE H/S LYNE (22/11 kV)
AANSLUITINGS
RETIKULASIE L/S LYNE (380/220V)
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Polar-orbiting Satellite System
MODIS Satellite system
Scan width 2400 km Overpass times 1000
am 1400 pm 2200 pm 0200 am 1 km
resolution Detection size 0.2 Ht
Polar Orbits
Swath 2400 km, resolution 1km x 1km Overpass
times 1000 - Terra 1400 - Aqua 2200 -
Terra 0200 - Aqua Fire size 0.25 Ha 50mx50m
AQUA
1400
1000
TERRA
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Geostationary satellite
Continuous observation of Africa and
Europe Images every 15 minutes 4.8 Km
resolution Fire size 5 10 Ha
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AFIS Processing Diagram
CSIR SAC
Internet Service Provider (IS)
Public
Online Mapping Service
MSG
WAMIS Server
Fire Alert Services
Cell phone Alert Service
MODIS

GEONETCAST Service
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Query data
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AFIS on Google Earth
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SMS/Email Alerts
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MODIS fires within 3 km oftransmission lines
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AFIS Statistics
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AFIS Statistics
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Fire Protection Associations on AFIS
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Krugersdorp fire
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AFIS II viewer

• Integration of 100 automated weather stations
• Build in Open Layers interface
• Daily FDI

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Fire Induced Flashover forecasting

• Developed a fire flashover prediction model
• 1400 NWP forecasts for each MODIS fire pixel
• Wind Speed
• Relative Humidity
• Wind Direction

• A classification tree based on 2005 2007 was
  used to develop the model
• A flashover probability is calculated for each
  fire alert message

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PDA Animated Weather
Developed by Russ Dengel - SSEC Wisconsin
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MODIS fires on National TV