Cognitive Theories of Motivation

1
Cognitive Theories of Motivation

• Roberts Glick (1981)
• Champoux (1991)
• Vroom (1964)
• Wood Bandura (1989)

2
Agenda 6/14/05

• Reminders
• Questions, Comments, or Concerns
• Cognitive Theories of Motivation
• Job Characteristics Theory
• Expectancy Theory (VIE Theory)
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Break
• TRP 3
• Discussion
• Thursday

3
Reminders

• SAP 4 and TRP 4 Thursday
• No SAPs or TRPs Next Week

4
Turn In SAP 3

• Please Pass to the Isle and then Forward to the
  Front. Thanks

5
Questions, Comments, or Concerns?

• How Can Individuals Reduce the Cognitive
  Dissonance Associated with Perceived Inequity?
  Summarize the Major Findings of Decis Cognitive
  Evaluation Theory?

6
Cognitive Theories of Motivation

• Job Characteristics Theory
• Hackman Oldham (1971)
• Key Features and Outcomes
• Expectancy Theory
• Vroom (1964)
• Key Features and Outcomes
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Wood Bandura (1989)
• Synthesis of Theories

7
Job Characteristics Theory

• Based on Job Enrichment
• Focus on Characteristics of Job to Motivate
• Increase Intrinsic Job Satisfaction
• 5 Core Job Dimensions to Measure Motivating
  Potential Score (MPS)
• Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance,
  Autonomy, and Feedback
• Lead to 3 Psychological States
• Meaningfulness of Work, Responsibility for
  Outcomes, and Knowledge of Results
• Depending on Growth Need Strength

8
JC Model of Motivation
Core Job Dimensions
Critical Psych States
Personal and Work Outcome
Skill Variety
Increased Intrinsic Motivation High Quality
Work High Work Satisfaction Reduced Absenteeism
and Turnover
Meaningful Work Exp.
Task Identity
Task Sig,
Responsibility for Outcomes
Autonomy
Knowledge of Results
Feedback
Employee Growth Need Strength
9
Expectancy Theory

• Valence, Expectancy, and Instrumentality
• Force V x I x E
• Flexible Model
• Mixed Empirical Results
• Due to Methodological Issues
• Reliance on Economic Man
• On the Road to Goal Setting Theory

10
Social Cognitive Theory

• Based on Social Learning
• Available Role Model, Motive to Model, Reward to
  Model, and Feedback about Modeling
• Self-Esteem vs. Self-Efficacy
• Self-Efficacy Leads to Effort which Leads to
  Performance
• Level of Self-Efficacy Determines Difficulty of
  Goals
• Interact with Environmental Factors to Predict
  Behavior
• Begins Cycle of Behavior Reinforcing Beliefs
  Leading to Self-Selection into Successful
  Environments

11
Synthesis

• The Choice Is Yours
• Affect vs. Cognition
• Which Comes First?
• All Theories Assume that People Are Rationale
• Relevance of Goals
• Any Managerial Usefulness?

12
Break

• Take a 20 Minute Break

13
TRP 3
14
Discussion

• Can You Take These Theories to Work?

15
Thursday

• SAP 4 and TRP 4
• Goal Setting Theory
• Locke et al. (1981)
• Eden (1988)
• Eden (1984)
• Davidson Eden (2000)
• On to Leadership