Newly Established

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Session 10 Newly Established Democracies in
Post-communist Societies
Source of Pictures http//cla.libart.calpoly.edu/
lcall/213/outline.week_nine.html
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The Soviet Empire
Source of Pictures http//cla.libart.calpoly.edu/
lcall/213/outline.week_nine.html
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Communisms Economic Performance
Source of Pictures http//cla.libart.calpoly.edu/
lcall/213/outline.week_nine.html
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What are the Reasons of the Appeal of Leninism?

• Promise of a fast and predictable path to
  modernity and justice.
• Promise of emancipation for the deprived and
  disprivileged.
• Legitimizing authoritarian rule.

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The Three Waves in the Spread of Democracies
Countries are classified as a democracy or a
dictatorship for a given period according to
data gathered by Gurr Jaggers (1995).
Source Welzel (2002).
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An Evolutionary Force in the Process of Regime
Distribution of material and intellectual
human resources on a 0-50 index according to
data gathered by Vanhanen (1997).
Source Welzel (2002).
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What are the Reasons for the Failure of Leninism?
In 1984 Samuel P. Huntington wrote In terms of
cultural tradition, economic development and
social structure, Czechoslovakia would certainly
be a democracy today (and probably Hungary and
Poland) if it were not for the overriding veto of
the Soviet presence.
1953 1956 1968 - 1981
Constant Factor permanent weaknesses in system
performance (compared to the Wests
success) undermine mass system support (further
worsening performance) Long-term Change Rising
human resources and emancipative values engender
social forces pressing for democratization. Situa
tional Factors End of the Breshnev-doctrine
demonstration and contagion effects
country-specific events.
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Where are Post-communist Societies today?
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Per Capita GDP in Purchasing Power Parities 1998
(1,000 US )
Data source Human Development Report 2002.
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Scores for Liberal Democracy (0 to 12 scale)
Expert judgments for civil and political
rights standardized on 0-6 scales and added.
Data source Freedom in the World (2003).
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Scores for Good Governance (fractions from 0 to
1.0)
Expert judgments on government accountability and
rule of law, standardized 0 to 1 scales and
averaged.
Data source Kaufman, Kray Mastruzzi (2003).
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Façade Character of Democracy
Extent to which liberal democracy
operates ineffectively.
Data source Inglehart Welzel (forthcoming).
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Percentage of Solid Democrats
Percentage of people expressing strong
support for democracy and weak support for
alternative forms of government.
Source World Values Survey III (1995-97).
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Post-Communist Societies on the Global Cultural
Map
Source Inglehart Welzel (forthcoming).
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Source Inglehart Welzel (forthcoming)
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Learning Goals
Being familiar with major causes of the downfall
of communism! Being familiar with the problems
of consolidating new democracies in
post-communist societies!