Design of Work Systems

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Design of Work Systems
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DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE
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LABOR STANDARDS ARE USED TO

• Compare Performances
• Determine Compensation
• Compare/improve Work Methods
• Prepare Bids
• Compute Costs Prices
• Establish Production Schedules
• Estimate Delivery Dates
• Plan Staffing Requirements
• Determine Capacity
• Justify Temporary Expansions
• Analyze Make Or Buy

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JOB DESIGN

• Job design involves specifying the content and
  methods of job
• What will be done
• Who will do the job
• How the job will be done
• Where the job will be done
• Ergonomics

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JOB DESIGN SUCCESS

• Successful Job Design must be
• Carried out by experienced personnel with the
  necessary training and background
• Consistent with the goals of the organization
• In written form
• Understood and agreed to by both management and
  employees

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Behavioral Approaches toJob Design

• Job Enlargement
• Giving a worker a larger portion of the total
  task by horizontal loading
• Job Rotation
• Workers periodically exchange jobs
• Job Enrichment
• Increasing responsibility for planning and
  coordination tasks, by vertical loading

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METHODS ANALYSIS
The need for methods analysis can come from a
number of different sources

• Changes in tools and equipment
• Changes in product designor new products
• Changes in materials or procedures
• Other factors (e.g. accidents, quality problems)

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METHODS OF WORK MEASUREMENT

• Standard Elemental Times
• Historical Data
• Predetermined Time Standards
• Methods-time Measurement (MTM)
• Stopwatch Time Study
• Work Sampling Study

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DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF CYCLES IS A FUNCTION OF

• The Variability Of Observed Times
• The Desired Accuracy
• Expressed As A Percentage Of The Mean Of The
  Observed Times (E.G., Within 5)
• Expressed As An Amount (E.G., Within One Minute)
• The Desired Level Of Confidence

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Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps

• 1. Establish the standard job method
• 2. Break down the job into elements
• 3. Study the job
• 4. Rate the workers performance (PRj)
• 5. Calculate the required number of cycles
  (sample size). Time more cycles if necessary.

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• 6. Compute the average time (X j)
• 7. Compute the normal time
• NT ? (X j x PRj)
• 8. Determine the standard time
• ST NT x AF

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FORM OF INCENTIVE PLAN

• Accurate
• Easy to apply
• Consistent
• Easy to understand
• Fair