Cell Reproduction

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Chapter 3 Cell Reproduction Section 2 DNA
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• DNA
• A. What is it?
• 1. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
• 2. hereditary material (passed
• from parents to offspring)

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3. a set of master instructions OR a
road map for your cells 4. a section of DNA
is called a gene -these sections
of DNA or genes, tell your cells exactly
what to do -they determine your traits
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Image from U.S. Department of Energy Human
Genome Program / www.howstuffworks.com
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Genes
www.howstuffworks.com
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5. what makes you, YOU
DNA
Here are the master instructions for YOU!
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B. Location 1. DNA is found inside the
nucleus 2. coils and twists to form your
chromosomes
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Chromosome
made of coiled, twisted DNA
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C. Structure 1. model created by Watson and
Crick 2. 2 long, thin chains connected
to one another 3. looks like a
twisted ladder called a double helix
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4. formed of nucleotides a. nucleotides
made of 3 parts (sugar, phosphate and
nitrogen base) 1) sugar
and phosphate sides 2) nitrogen bases
rungs
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4 Nitrogen Bases ?Adenine (A) ?Thymine
(T) ?Guanine (G) ?Cytosine (C) A
pairs with T. C pairs with G.
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www.howstuffworks.com
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cell nucleus
sugar and phosphate
nitrogen bases (A-T) (C-G)



Cell/DNA - http//www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/s
tructure.html
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D. Replication 1. process by which DNA makes
copies of itself (like a
copy machine) 2. unzips (base pairs
separate) and new base pairs join

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E. DNA Research 1. DNA found in every
cell 2. recombinant DNA DNA formed
when DNA from 2 or more sources is
combined 3. created artificially 4. used to
manufacture products that help
treat many health conditions 5. used for gene
therapy in humans
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examples of recombinant DNA or genetic
engineering ?bacteria that can produce
insulin ? plants more resistant to spoilage,
chemicals, insect attacks and thats just the
beginning!
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Recombinant DNA
http//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome
/publicat/primer/fig11a.html
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Cloning
http//science.howstuffworks.com/cloning2.htm