The ArabIsraeli conflict 194888

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The Arab-Israeli conflict 1948-88
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The first Arab-Israeli War 1948-49
In response to the UN Partition, Egypt,
Transjordan, Iraq, Syria Lebanon invaded the
Jewish state in Palestine. They were not as well
prepared as they might have been though, and the
Jews fought back and won the war!
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Israel 1949
After the winning the war, Israel decided to take
even more land than they had been given in the
first place by the United Nations.
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What happened to the Palestinians?

• They suffered their own Diaspora. Many of them
  became refugees living in camps in neighbouring
  Arab states.

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Refugee camps

• Conditions in the camps were very bad. They were
  crowded together with few facilities.

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Al Fatah

• In 1956 Yasser Arafat had formed Al Fatah. This
  was a Palestinian resistance group.
• They began to launch terrorist attacks on
  Israeli settlements.

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The PLO

• In 1964 some Palestinians formed the Palestine
  Liberation Organisation (PLO).
• They became the main terrorist group.( See
  quote by young PLO member )
• Their aim was to regain Palestine from the
  Israelis and to launch a holy war until this had
  been achieved.
• Yasser Arafat became the leader of the PLO in
  1968.

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The Six Days War June 1967

• Tension between Israel and its Arab nations
  increased throughout the 1960s.
• This was not helped by the Cold War between the
  USA and the USSR.
• The USA supported Israel where the USSR supported
  the Palestinians.
• The PLO launched raids into Israel from Syria.
• The Israelis retaliated with raids into Syria.

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• In May 1967 the USSR warned Syria that Israel was
  preparing to launch an attack against it.
• President Nasser of Egypt demanded that Israel
  return the land taken in the 1948/49 war.
• Israels Arab neighbours made ready to launch an
  attack on Israel

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• Nasser told the UN troops guarding the border
  with Israel to leave and closed the Gulf of Aqaba
  to Israeli shipping.
• The Israelis decided to attack first. On 5th
  June 1967 they destroyed the air forces of Egypt,
  Syria and Jordan in four hours.

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• With complete air supremacy the Israelis could
  easily defeat the larger Arab armies.
• Within six days all three Arab nations had been
  defeated.
• The Arabs lost 15,000 men, the Israelis lost less
  than a 1,000.

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Gains following the Six Days War

• Occupied Territories
• West Bank
• Sinai Desert

• Golan Heights
• Gaza Strip

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Munich Olympics 1972
2 mistakes
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The Yom Kippur War 1973

• President Nasser died in 1970.
• He was replaced by Anwar Sadat.
• He tried to get the USA to put pressure on Israel
  to return his lost land but they were busy in
  Vietnam and the 6 million Jews in the US would
  have opposed cooperation with Egypt.

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• Sadat tried to get support from the USSR but they
  wanted to have more control in Egypt in return.
• Eventually he got financial support from Saudi
  Arabia and military support from Syria.
• They launched an attack on 6th October 1973
  during the Jewish religious festival of Yom
  Kippur.

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• This time the Arabs had the initiative and made
  gains in the Sinai Desert.( the land Egypt had
  lost previously )
• Once Israel had recovered from the shock attack
  they began to drive the Egyptians and Syrians
  back.
• Arab world responded by stopping oil from getting
  to West

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• The economies of the West began to suffer acute
  inflation (rising prices).
• USA USSR realise need to work together.
• They demanded a ceasefire which was supported by
  the United Nations and the fighting stopped on
  October 24th 1973.

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Israel 1973
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The Camp David Agreement 1978

• Sadat was a hero after the Yom Kippur war but
  Egypt spent too much money and was poor.
• In 1977 he announced that he was willing to go to
  Israel to talk peace.
• He went to Israel and Menachem Begin went to
  Egypt.

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• In 1978 President Carter invited the two men to
  continue talks at Camp David.
• A peace treaty was signed in 1979 with Egypt
  recognising Israels right to exist and the
  Israelis withdrawing its forces from the Sinai
  Desert.

SADAT
CARTER
BEGIN
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Yasser Arafat and the PLO

• The PLO continued their raids into Israel.
• In 1978 and 1982 the Israelis launched major
  attacks into Lebanon where the PLO had their main
  bases.
• The PLO lost many men and were forced to flee to
  Tunisia.

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The Intifada 1987-1991

• In December 1987 the Palestinian people launched
  an uprising (Intifada) against the Israelis in
  the Occupied Territories.
• They built barricades and threw stones at the
  Israeli troops who retaliated with bullets.
• This brought world opinion to the side of the
  Palestinians.

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Renunciation of terrorism

• In December 1988 Yasser Arafat said that he was
  willing to renounce terrorism and to recognise
  Israels right to exist.