A Multi-layered Approach to Exchange Structure

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A Multi-layered Approach to Exchange Structure

• Shown for Feedback Tripartite Structures
• by MargaretBerry

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Underlying Idea

• Single-layered structure not sufficient to
  describe discourse constituents
• Multi-layered structures show more than one
  feature of a constituent
• With a multi-layered structure the following
  utterance can be foreseen

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Goals

• To describe similarities and differences
• To work towards a theory of discourse
• to be able to say that some constituents are
  alike in some way but different in another (?
  Multilayered structure)
• To classify the different types of organisation
  in a discourse

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Feedback

• Can be optional or obligatory
• Has a tripartite structure ? occurs in 3rd place
• Is not necessarily interchangeable
• Fusion of both categories not possible according
  to multi-layered system

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Approach

• Inform elicit exchanges examined
• Show that the new pattern is independently
  variable
• Set up a new level, if the found pattern is
  co-extensive
• No new level has to be set up when pattern is
  coterminous

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Layers In A Discourse

• Informational layer
• Interpersonal layer
• Textual layer
• Ideational layer

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Informational Layer

• Primary Knower (knows already the information)
• ? indicates his status k1
• ? declaring/delaying dk1
• Secondary Knower (information imparted to a
  person)
• ? indicates his position k2
• ? plus a contribution k2f (follow-up)

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Interpersonal layer

• The functions (dk1/k2/kf2/k1) occur only once
• Recurrenc (!) ? new bound exchange or new free
  exchange
• Knowledge can be admitted or denied
• k2
• Preselection system for k2f k2f(p)

knowledge
- knowledge
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Preselection

• System can be constrained by the choice made from
  the system at k2
• Second knower ? k2 kf2 -/
• Preselection that links k2 and kf2

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Textual Layer

• One speaker are obligatory for
• One utterance a discourse
• 1st contribution of 1st speaker ai, aii, aiii
  ...
• 1st contribution of 2de speaker bi, bii, biii
  ...
• Functions following f. ex. ai have a system in
  common ? ai structures the exchange

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Bundles of function

• dk1 k2 k1 k2f
• ai bi aii bii
• 2) dk1 k2 k1
• ai bi aii
• 3) k2 k1 k2f
• ai bi aii
• 4) k2 k1
• ai bi

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Bundles of Function

• 5) k1 k2f
• ai bi
• 6) k1
• ai
• Formalised and explicit realisation statements
  can be attached to them

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Polite Consensus-Collaborative Model

• Speaker has the choice of
• a) supporting
• b) challenging
• Available at each place in the structure
• There are less serious challenges ? queries
• Each place in textual layer after ai ?
• a) support
• b) query
• c) challenge

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Polite Consensus-Collaborative Model

• Different types of query
• Qk2 effectively euquivalent to dk1,
• lexical item wellauxiliary verb
  pronoun
• Qk1 effectively equivalent to k1,
• liexical item auxiliary verb pronoun
• Cannot occur in the same slot

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Ideational Layer

• Minimum amount of information is a completed
  proposition ? pc
• Basis of completed proposition ? pb
• Support of the proposition ? ps
• Pc / pb / ps represent progression through the
  exchange
• A Is John coming? (pc)
• B John is not coming. (pb)
• A I wished so. (ps)

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Summary

• Each function can only occur once in an exchange
• It must be mapped on a function from the
• - textual layer
• - interpersonal layer
• Obligatoriness of all elements for an well-formed
  exchange

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Example

• Trial 1_1
• 1) A Okay...sag mir noch mal was ganz oben bei
  dir an dem an der Wand ist.
• B Ganz oben an der Wand?
• A Ja
• 2) A Ist das zentral, mittig äh oder rechts oder
  links eher?
• B In der Mitte. Also...
• A in der Mitte.Okay.
  Davor sitzn Sessel.
• 3) B Ähm, der steht rechts vom Stuhl.
• A Rechts vom Stuuhl... in der Ecke?
• B Genau.
• A Genau.