Operationalisation of TSC

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WES Programme in Afghanistan
An Overview
Consultation meeting , Development of AWP
2008 24-25 November 2007
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Content

• Profile of Afghanistan
• Afghan scenario Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
• Programme over all goal
• Strategies
• Projects
• Funds
• Partners
• Key achievements 2006-2007
• Challenges and opportunities
• Way forward

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CORE COUNTRY DATA

• Total population 25 millions ( 2004)
• 34 Provinces, Districts - 398 Villages
  38,000
• Child Population under five (000s) 5,972
• No of schools 8444, Mixed- 2869, Girls- 1418,
  boys 4157 ( year 2006)
• No. of girl -students 1, 926, 108, Boy -
  students 3,552,932
• U5 mortality rate 257
• Infant mortality rate 165
• Maternal mortality ratio (1990-2005,
  reported) 1,600
• U1 fully immunized (DPT3) 76
• Population using improved drinking water sources
  39
• Estimated no. of people (all ages) living with
  HIV, 2005 (thousands)lt1.0
• U5 suffering from moderate and server
  stunting 54
• Source The state of the Worlds Children 2007
  and Ministry of Health/CDC survey, Central
  Statistics Office Year Book 2006

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Scenario Water, sanitation, Hygiene

• Heavily depend on ground water for safe drinking
  water
• Access to protected water sources 39
• Urban 43, Rural 18
• Access to sanitary toilets 13
• Urban - 28, Rural - 8
• Toilet facilities in schools 25
• Safe water facilities in schools 48
• WATSAN facilities in health centers 15
• Hygiene education in schools Classroom teaching
  Grade 1-7,
• Hygiene practices are very poor
• Incidence of diarrhea 25 of Under 5 children
• Among Under 5, 7 acute malnourished , 54
  Chronically malnourished
• Total of 2 million children of primary school age
  (60) are out of school including 1.3 million
  girls

Refer best estimates for Children social
indicators 1990- 2005 UNICEF- GoA
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Scenario Water, sanitation, Hygiene Cont

• 17 Province are affected by drought 5 Million
  people- mostly in North regions
• Annually about 1 million people are affected by
  flood
• Water quality issues are not still on priority
• Supply driven approaches predominates sector
  planning
• Low effect of health and hygiene education in
  communities, schools and mosques
• 41 of the districts are not accessible
• Out of 4 million refugees, 2 million have
  returned
• 22 million Afghans live in poverty substandard
  conditions
• More than half of the population are under age of
  18 Yrs

Refer best estimates for Children social
indicators 1990- 2005 UNICEF- GoA
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Determinants of WATSAN in Afghanistan

• Immediate causes
• Inadequate access to sustainable safe water and
  sanitation facilities in school and communities
• Poor personal hygiene and sanitation practice
• Underlying causes for high prevalence of WATSAN
  related morbidity and mortality and reduced
  opportunity for girls to attend schools are
• Policies and strategies are still not supportive
  of sustainable services
• Limited community participation in planning and
  management of facilities
• Limited Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors and
  Practices among users and duty bearers
• Basic Causes
• Weak governance at provincial and district ,
  village levels
• Social insecurity/ restriction

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UNICEF-Programme Structure
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Joint Programmes UNDAF Outcome

• Healthy School Initiatives (HIS)
• MDG 2 Universal primary education and MDG 7
  Ensure environmental sustainability.
• Afghan Integrated Functional Literacy Initiative
  (AI-FLI) MDG 3 Gender equality and empowerment.
• Maternal Mortality Reduction. MDG 5 Maternal
  mortality
• Greening Afghanistan Initiative (GAIN). MDG 1
  Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger and MDG 7
  Ensure environmental sustainability.

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UNICEF Presence
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WES Programme Strategic results 2006-2008

• 20 Increase in access to safe water and
  Environmental sanitation and Practice Hygiene in
  Schools and Health care facilities by 2008
• 1.5 million students and 700,000 children and
  caretakers have access to well maintained WATSAN
  facilities and benefit from a clean environment
  and hygienic practices

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Key Programme strategies

• Service delivery at community level using schools
  and health care facilities as entry points.
  Service delivery will also be key strategy in
  emergency response in line with the core
  commitments for children.
• Empowerment of young people and women and
  under-represented groups and families as the
  subjects of hygiene learning, behavioral change
  and utilization of sustainable water and
  sanitation facilities
• Advocacy, dissemination of information and social
  mobilization at national and sub-national levels
  for protection of water and sanitation related
  rights of children and women
• Technical support to government structures in
  policy development, strategy formulation and
  sector coordination, with special focus on
  Operation and Maintenance and Hygiene Education.
• Efforts will also be pursued to link the WES
  programme interventions with other sectoral
  interventions undertaken by UNICEF Afghanistan,
  such as education, health and child protection

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Projects

• 1. Hygiene Education and Institutional Capacity
  Building 1??????? ????? ? ??? ????? ??
• 2. School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education
  
• ????? 2 ????? , ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
• 3. Project 3 WES for Health Care
  Facility/Communities (HCF)????? 3 ??? ?? ,??
  ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????

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Indication of planned WES Programme Budget 2006-
2008
Total of 26,355,000
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Summary of Achieved Results in 2007

• Policy on Hygiene
• Community based management of WATSAN demonstrated
  in Heart Province -(400 CDCs/Shuras members
  trained, 150,000 people received Hygiene
  Education
• CDD camping implemented nationwide through mass
  media and house to house visit reached 250,000
  people in the vulnerable areas
• Six national facilitators and 68 provincial
  Master trainers were trained who provided
  training to teachers on hygiene and community
  mobilization.
• Demonstrated Solar pump, rain water harvesting,
  pit latrine were experimented
• Standardized various options of toilet designs
  for Schools, and Household
• Trained 90 MRRD/RRDs technical staff
• . Supplied for normal and emergency programmes

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Summary of Achieved Results in 2007(Schools)
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Summary of Achieved Results in 2007(HCF)
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Challenges

• Lack of Government Policy on the decentralized
• implementation process
• Government policy and plan on sanitation
• Prioritize hygiene education and promotion
• National Water Quality standards Testing and
  monitoring
• Low capacity of Contractors for quality
  construction of WATSAN facilities
• Lack of equipments for construction of water
  supply facilities Technical know-how
• Lack of institutions and Govt. capacity for
  hygiene education
• Lack of hydrological data, maps , know how for
  identification of water sources
• Lack of technical capacity at provincial and
  district level (RRDs)
• Inability to reach and monitor activities in
  insecure areas
• Communities are reluctant for operation and
  maintenance of WES facilities

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Opportunities

• Community based implementation through CDCs.
• Government will for decentralized WES
  implementation
• Enhanced partnership with other UN agencies,
  NGOs, bilateral agencies ( WB, ADB, WHO, UNHCR,
  EU etc)

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Lessons Learnt

• Decentralized implementation is more
  effective
• Solar pump, Roof rain water harvesting Sanitary
  toilet options such as VIP, Eco sanitation
  toilets proved to be good technology options for
  Afghanistan
• Knowledge Management- Study visits to India,
  Regional workshops and seminars are very useful
  for Afghanistan
• The most effective communication channel is
  personal communication by house to house visit by
  trained personals
• Should focus on quality of construction materials
  When procured locally

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Way forward

• Establish clear guideline for decentralized
  implementation with community participation and
  management
• National policy on Sanitation
• Capacity building in hydro geological know-how.
• Strengthening of MRRD and MOPH to enable water
  quality testing and monitoring
• Promote alternative/appropriate technologies and
  scaling up
• Use Schools and HCFs as entry point to community
  WES.
• Enhance capacity of RRDs and CDCs and promote
  community based implementation, management of
  facilities and promotion of hygiene for
  sustainability and ownership

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Way forward

• Development of comprehensive national Comm.
  strategy for change in key hygienic practices.
• Mainstreaming WATSAN interventions during
  emergency situation with development plan and
  regular programme.
• Enhance partnership with CBOs, NGOs and other UN
  agencies
• Establish baseline data for the WATSAN
  indicators.
• Mainstream hygiene education in schools with
  classroom teaching and regular teacher training
• Knowledge management Study visits to other
  countries
• Participation in regional workshops,
  Documentation of best practices etc.

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Thank you !