Indonesia

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Indonesia

• Indonesia is a country of astounding cultural
  diversity . . .
• Java
• Bali
• Sumatra

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Indonesia
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Java

• Indonesias population is about 210 million
  Javas is over 100 million.
• Java is an island about the size of New York
• Java remains mostly a farming society . . .

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Religion on Java

• Most Javanese nominally are Muslim
• syncretic fusion of Islam with Hinduism,
  Buddhism, and spirit/ancestor worship.

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Music

• gamelan (percussion ensemble) used to accompany
• Wayan Kulit
• wayang orang (elaborate dance-drama from central
  Java)
• Kecak
• Popular

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Bali

• east of Java
• almost everyone takes part in some artistic
  activity
• a blend of Hinduism and Buddhism
• gamelan ensembles
• sléndro scale system
• pélog scale system
• gamelan music for ritual celebrations

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North Sumatra

• northwest of Java.
• Protestant Christianity or Islam
• many Batak Christians adhere to beliefs and
  ritual practices that predate the coming of
  Christianity.

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Gamelan Four categories of instruments

• knobbed gong instruments
• metal keyed instruments (metallophones)
• other melodic instruments
• drums

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Knobbed Gong Instruments

• gong ageng, gong siyem, kempul, kenong, kethuk,
  kempyang, bonang barung, bonang panerus.

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Metal Keyed Instruments (Metallophones)

• saron demung, saron barung, saron peking, gendèr
  slenthem, gendèr barung, gendèr panerus.

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Other Melodic Instruments

• gambang (similar to a xylophoneboth instruments
  use wooden keys), celempung (plucked zither see
  below), siter (small zither), suling (bamboo
  flute, an aerophone), rebab (two-stringed fiddle).

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Drums

• kendhang gendhing, kendhang ciblon, kenghang
  ketipung, bedhug.

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Gamelon seating

• Musicians in a gamelan sit at right angles to
  each other
• larger gong instruments are in the back, with the
  saron family metal keyed instruments
  immediately in front of them, bonang family
  kettle gongs and bedhug stick-beaten drum to
  the sides, other melodic instruments xylophone,
  zithers, bamboo flute, fiddle in front, and
  kendhang hand drums in the center.

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Scales

• pélog scale is a seven-tone system made up of
  large and small intervals which are tuned above
  or belowsharper or flatterthe seven tones of a
  Western major scale.
• sléndro scale is a five-tone system made up of
  five nearly equidistant intervals between each
  scale-tone.

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Types of Gamelons

• Loud-playing gamelans consist of instruments only
  (no voices) and are associated with noisy outdoor
  events
• Soft-playing gamelans are associated with more
  intimate indoor events and involve singing.

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Gamelan Construction

• Bronze is the preferred metal for gamelan
  manufacture

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Gamelan Identity

• Gamelan instruments cannot be used
  interchangeably between other gamelans
• Gamelan instruments are not tuned to a fixed,
  standard pitch

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Gamelan Performance Contexts

• Javanese music is more closely related to other
  aspects of life
• entertainment
• ritual purposes at important life events
• to accompany dance or theater

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Roles

• Gamelan instruments are usually complemented by a
  small male chorus and female soloists.
• Javanese poetry is usually sung unaccompanied
  rather than read.

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CD 33 Demonstration of above

• Gendhing means gamelan piece or gamelan
  composition.
• Javanese gendhing normally have three parts to
  their titles,
• the formal structure,
• the melody,
• the scale system.
• Kembang Pacar (a kind of red flower) is the
  name of a particular melody. pélog is the scale
  system used in the modal category of pathet nem.

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CD 32 Bubaran Kembang Pacar

• (Red Flower) pélog pathet nem
• Central Javanese gamelan music in loud-playing
  style

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Pathet

• Pathet literally means limit.
• A way of using the pitches of a piece melodic
  formulas range cadences

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Balanese gamelon

• strictly instrumental
• characterized by changes in tempo and loudness
  (often abrupt), and
• requiring a dazzling technical mastery by many of
  the musicians

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Timbre

• Beats or pulsations the result tuning
• beats give a desirable shimmering quality

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Biography of Ki Nartosabdho

• A Gamelan Musician, Composer, and Puppeteer
• kendhang (hand drum)
• Wayang orang are shows performed by human
  actor-dancers
• wayang kulit are shadow puppet shows.
• Dhalang master puppeteer
• Ramayana or Mahabharata

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Wayang Kulit

• used in the royal palace in Yogya
• Wayang kulit are puppets made of water buffalo
  hide and which are used in all-night
  performances of highly sophisticated and
  entertaining shadow plays.

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Kecak

• http//www.anjingkucing.com/video/kecak.asf Kecak
  video - 56http//www.balibeyond.com/kecakvideo.h
  tml Kecak video - 16

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Indonesian Popular Music

• CD 39 Begadang II (Staying up All Night)
• Popular dangdut music by Rhoma Irama

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Optional

• CD 310 Shuufflendang-Shufflending Ethno-jazz
  fusion, Sundanese. Performed by Krakatau

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Optional

• CD 311 Distorsi (Distortion) Indonesian
  alternative rock music by the Ahmad Band