Mastitis Management Plan Introduction

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Mastitis Management PlanIntroduction
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Mastitis Introduction
Definition
Mastitis is inflammation Increase in leukocytes
1.
Persistence of microorganism Increase in milk
somatic cells (SCC)
2.
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Mastitis Intramammary Infection IMI
Requires
1. Exposure to organisms 2. Penetration into
the gland 3. Colonization of the gland
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Mastitis Intramammary Infection IMI
Clinical Mastitis - Animal health swelling heat
redness pain disturbed function
Subclinical - Production loss milk reduce
milk quality reduce growth of young
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Milk Cultures

• Infection level in herd
• Type of infections
• Source of infections
• Control and Prevention

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Milk Cultures
1. Select cows for culture (herd, HSCC, etc) 2.
Collect an aseptic milk sample 3. Collect
composite or quarter milk sample 4. Refrigrate
(or ice) sample at collection
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Mastitis Intramammary Infection IMI
Contagious mastitis Primary source the gland of
other cows Major loss nonclinical - production
Environmental mastitis Primary source the
environment - soil, feces, bedding Major loss
clinical mastitis - disturbed function
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Contagious Mastitis

• Definition Caused by pathogens passed from cow
  to cow at milking via hands, inflations, dips
  wash rags and other vectors

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Contagious Pathogens
Big Two
Streptococcus agalactia (Strep. ag.)
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus)
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Contagious Pathogens of Concern

• Mycoplasma bovis
• Coagulase negative staphylococci
• Corynebacterium bovis

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Strep ag MastitisStreptococcus agalactiae
Contagious mastitis

• Lives only in infected quarters
• Spread from cow to cow(milking, hands, common
  cloth)
• Subclinical
• High SCC and Reduced production
• Treatment
• Lactation 60 - 95 (75)
• Dry off 80 - 98

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Strep ag Mastitis

• Control Prevention
• pre post milking teat dipping
• separate paper towel
• milk infected cows last
• dry cow treat all cows
• screen replacements (home purchase animals)
• CMT, culture milk or culture bulk tank milk
• know the history of the purchase herd

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Strep ag Mastitis
Herd A Herd B 485 cows (Strep
ag-free) 450 cows purchase 110 cows purchase
450 cows SCC 350,000 to 670,000 (2mo) 120,000
to 180,000 cultured 49 cow Strep ag Screened
all cows Eradicated Strep ag in 8 months No
Strep ag added Finanical Loss
A B Laboratory cost
6,626 1,465 Loss milk (cow tx) 5,265
0 Culling (cows) 16,800 4,900 Drug
cost ( Rx) 2,100 0 Premium loss
(.25/cwt ) 13,500
0 Total 44,291 6,365 Total/cow
91.32 10.61
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Staph MastitisStaphylococcus aureus
Contagious mastitis

• Lives in infected quarters infected skin
• injured teat ends (mechanical, chemical, weather)
• Spread from cow to cow(milking, hands, common
  cloth)
• Nonclinical with high SCC reduce production
• Clinical (mild to severe) with repeated flare-ups
• Treatment
• Lactation 10 - 60
• Dry off 40 - 70
• less 10 with chronic, long standing infections

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Staph Mastitis

• Control Prevention
• pre post milking teat dipping
• separate paper towel
• milk infected cows last
• dry cow treat all cows
• cull cows with long standing infections (chronic)
• screen replacements (home purchase animals)

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S. aureus control - choices
1. Prevent Spread Teat dip pre postmilking
germicide 2. Segregation isolate infected
cows 3. Treatment Dry cow therapy 4.
Removal cull chronic infections
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Mycoplasma MastitisMycoplasma bovis
Contagious mastitis

• Lives in infected quarters, respiratory
  reproductive tract
• Spread from cow to cow(milking, nasal vaginal
  discharge)
• Subclinical high SCC and reduce production
• Clinical multiple quarters (mild to severe)
• mulitple quarters, sandy texture tannish-color
  milk
• joint infections- swollen lame
• Treatment none
• nonresponsive to antibiotic treatment

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Culturing Mycoplasma
Isolated in clinical cases Bulk tank milk is a
successful monitor Identify segregate all
positive animals (reculture for confirmation)
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Mycoplasma Mastitis
Mycoplasma units

• Control Prevention
• pre post milking teat dipping
• milk infected cows last
• cull infected cows or segregate infected cows
• culture replacements (home purchase animals)
• culture bulk tanks or know herd history

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Mycoplasma bovis- when to be concerned
1. mastitis following respiratory problems in
herd 2. young calf joint swelling and
lameness 3. young calf head tilt - inner ear
infections 4. new knee and hock swelling on cows
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Mycoplasma bovis- when to be concerned
5. multiple quarters with clinical
mastitis non-responsive to antibiotic
treatment off- color or watery (sandy) new
additions to the herd culture negative - blood
agar
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Staphylococci MastitisStaph intermedius, Staph
hyicus, Staph chromogenes
Source environment - skin, bedding
contagious ? once herd level increases Character
istics colonize teat canal readily prevalent in
well managed herds (10-15) like C. bovis - TD
indicator Losses subclinical mastitis - 10
SCC gt500,000 cells/ml 10 clinical
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Staphylococci MastitisStaph intermedius, Staph
hyicus, Staph chromogenes
Control Postmilking teat dip (indicator like
C. bovis) Eliminate with dry cow
therapy Treatment Dry cow therapy -
90 Lactation - 28 (Wilson, 1993)
control
Dry cow therapy
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Contagious Mastitisin expanding herds
Purchase animals
Check herd records for SCC clinical
mastitis CMT or check SCC of cows to
purchase Culture HSCC or all cow
purchased Segregrate and milk last/or separate
unit Check bulk tank milk for Streptococcus
agalactiae
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Environmental Mastitis
Primary source soil, feces, bedding Major
loss clinical mastitis gland
dysfunction Culture milk Coliforms E. coli,
Klebsiella sp, Enterbacter sp Streptococcus
sp (Gram ) Staphylococcus sp (Gram
) Pseudomonas sp, Serratia, Proteus (Gram -)
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ColiformsE. coliKlebsiellae sp
Environmental Mastitis

• Etiology fecal organisms
• poor hygiene (not cow to cow)
• higher incidence in hot summer (July-Aug)
• bedding (Klebsiella with wood products
• Clinical mastitis
• Acute/toxic (15 will be severe life threating)
• rarely chronic (Klebsiella more common)

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ColiformsE. coliKlebsiellae sp

• Treatment supportive
• fluids (IV oral)
• NASID
• antibiotic therapy of little value
• Control Prevention
• Clean dry bedding
• inorganic - sand
• maintained and monitored
• J-5 vaccination in dry period (3x)

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Dirty-wet stalls
Clean Dry sand bedding
Vaccinate - J5
Repair stalls
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Streptococcus MastitisStr. uberis, enterococci,
Str. dysgalactiae
Environmental Mastitis

• Etiology fecal organisms, rumen, genitalia
• poor hygiene (not cow to cow)
• higher incidence late dry period
• any time during lactation
• Clinical mastitis
• mild (lt15 will be clinical )
• usually short duration, can become chronic ( 45
  days)
• Treatment
• Lactation 15-85 (78 , Wilson, 1993)
• Dry off gt75

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Streptococcus MastitisStr. uberis, enterococci,
Str. dysgalactiae

• Control Prevention
• premilking sanitation - Teat Dipping
• clean dry housing bedding
• dry cows management
• close up maternity pens
• clean dry bedding

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