Organic Chemistry: The Study of CarbonContaining Compounds

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Organic ChemistryThe Study of Carbon-Containing
Compounds

• Carbon (4 valence electrons ) needs 4 more
  electrons to form an OCTET. Therefore, carbon
  always tries to form FOUR bonds
• Atoms with 4 bonds form a tetrahedral shape
• Q. What is the geometry around carbon in methane
  (CH4)?

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Atomic Electronegativity

• Bonds between atoms of different
  electronegativity are POLAR.
• F O N Cl (fonecall) Br C H

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Non-polar
Polar
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Organic Chemistry Shorthand

• Because we know that carbon forms 4 bonds, and we
  also know that carbon-hydrogen bonds are very
  common, we can draw organic compounds without
  writing C and H
• We call these representations line drawings

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Organic
Compounds

• Non-polar bonds unless electronegative atom is
  present
• Low MP and BP (Think natural GAS)
• Insoluble in H2O (Think water and oil)
• Combustible (? burns in O2)

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Functional Groups
Alcohols and Ethers
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Functional Groups
Aldehydes and Ketones
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Functional Groups
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
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Functional Groups
Amines
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Functional Groups
Amides