Vocabulary Review

1
Vocabulary Review

• Chapter 23

2
A. carbohydrate D. polymerB. carbon E.
polymerizationC. monomer

• 1. A versatile element found in all organic
  compounds that can bond with itself and with many
  other elements because of its four valance
  electrons.
• 2. The process in which large compounds are built
  by joining together many simple molecules to form
  a more complex molecule.
• 3. A small unit that can join together with other
  small units to form polymers. A repeated,
  single-molecule unit in a polymer.
• 4. A large compound formed from combinations of
  many monomers, consists of repeated linked
  monomers.
• 5. One of the four main groups of organic
  compounds. Include sugars, starches, glycogen and
  cellulose. Made up of one or more
  monosaccharides

B
E
C
D
A
3
A. cellulose D. monosaccharide B. glucose E.
organic compoundC. macromolecule F. starch
D

• 1. A single, simple sugar molecule. The basic
  building block (monomer) of carbohydrates.
• 2. A monosaccharide (simple sugar) that is the
  main source of energy for cells. A product of
  photosynthesis.
• 3. A polysaccharide that is the main food storage
  compound in plants stores excess sugar.
• 4. A polysaccharide made up of thousands of
  glucose molecules linked in a long chain. Found
  in the cell walls of plants, gives them strength
  and rigidity.
• 5. A very large (giant) molecule.
• 6. A compound that is derived from living things
  and contains carbon, such as carbohydrates,
  proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

B
F
A
C
E
4
A. DNA D. nucleic acidB. fatty acid E. RNAC.
lipid F. steroid
C

• 1. Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and
  hydrogen atoms includes fats, oils and waxes.
• 2. An organic molecule composed of bonded
  nucleotides DNA and RNA store and carry
  important information for cell function.
• 3. A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains
  the sugar deoxyribose contains hereditary or
  genetic information.
• 4. A monomer that is part of most lipids. A basic
  building block of lipids.
• 5. A lipid composed of four connected carbon
  rings. Makes up many of the various hormones
  that serve as chemical messengers.
• A single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the
  sugar ribose needed by cells for manufacturing
  proteins.

D
A
B
F
E
5
A. amino acid D. polypeptideB. nucleotide E.
proteinC. peptide bond F. R-group
B

• 1. A monomer of nucleic acids made up of a
  five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
  nitrogenous base. The basic building block of
  nucleic acids.
• 2. An organic compound with an amino group (-NH2)
  on one end and a carboxal group (-COOH) on the
  other end. One of 20 monomers that form proteins.
  A building block of proteins.
• 3. A covalent bond that forms between two
  adjacent amino acids in a protein molecule.
• 4. A macromolecule needed by the body for growth
  and repair and to make up enzymes and hormones
  composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
• 5. The side chain of an amino acid that
  distinguishes one amino acid from a different
  amino acid.
• 6. Another name for a protein.

A
C
E
F
D