Australopithecus garhi

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Australopithecus garhi
2.5 mya
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Genus Homo

• The older species

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Early Homo

• 1. Homo habilis
• 2. Homo rudolfensis
• 2.5 -- 1.5 mya
• contemporaneous with Australopithecus boisei and
  A. robustus for at least 500,000 years, then
• 1. all Australopithcus species became extinct.
• 2. New species of Homo evolved.

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H. rudolfensis
H. habilis
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Homo habilis (rudolfensis)
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Olduwan culture early Homo toolkit
chert flint
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flake tools
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Homo erectus / H. ergaster

• Oldest fossils c. 2 mya
• Pleistocene (Ice Ages)
• Duration 1.8 mya 10,000 ya.
• Alternation of warm and cold climates
• Glaciers grow, move south, lowering of sea level
• land bridges
• Facilitated dispersal of Homo out of Africa 1.8
  mya

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Homo erectus / Homo ergaster sites
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Differences in brain size and skull
characteristics

• Cranial capacity
• early Homo species (500 - 800 cc)
• Homo erectus (750 - 1,250 cc), averaging about
  900 cc
• Thick skull
• Large, solid brow ridges
• Occipital bun (torus)
• Reduction in relative tooth size

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Homo sapiens
Homo erectus
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Homo ergaster
Turkana boy
Kenya, Africa 1.6 mya c. 11 years old 56
tall Est. 6 had he survived to maturity
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Relative brain size
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Relative brain size
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Brain size / time relationship