Theoretical Framework for Research

1
Theoretical Framework for Research

• Maggie Hardin
• 11/01/2006
• NUR 590

2
Systems Theory

• General Systems Theory (GST)
• Originally described by biologist
• Ludwig von Bertalanffy 1920s
• Presented at University of Chicago in 1937
• Systems and subsystems exist and work together
  for common goal
• Johnson Webber 2001

3
Systems Theory

• Open Systems Theory (OST) a system in exchange
  of energy, influence, information, and matter
  with its environment
• Johnson Webber (2001)

4
Research Question

• What measures are needed to increase minority
  enrollment in
• nursing programs?

5
Open Systems Theory
Goal Increase Minority Enrollment in Nursing

Colleges of Nursing
Family
Primary Education System
Society
Immigration Policies
Nursing Organizations
Higher Education System
Unknown
Culture of Family
Culture of Community
World Events
Hospital Organizations
Legend Light blue Environment Yellow
Goal Lavender Unknowns Green Systems
subsystems Pink Interactions between systems
subsystems Arrows represents continuing
interaction between systems subsystems
Unknown
Local Government
College Funding
Medical Organizations
State Government
Economy
Federal Government
6
Factors Influencing Minority Enrollment in Nursing

• Society, Family, Culture, Education System
• Government, Economy, World Events, Immigration
  Policies
• Nursing, Medical, and Hospital Organizations
• Unknown Factors

7
Revised Question

• What are the barriers to success, as perceived by
  the students, for ESL students in Community
  College Nursing Programs.
• ESL English as a second language

8
Open Systems Theory
Goal Identify barriers to success for ESL
Students in Community College Nursing Programs
Wage Earner responsibility

Society
K-12 Education System
Barrier
Nursing Organizations
Local Government
College of Nursing
Higher Education System
Culture of Family
Barrier
Legend Indigo ESL Student Light blue
Environment Yellow Goal Lavender
Unknowns Green Systems subsystems Pink
Interactions between systems subsystems Arrows
represents continuing interaction between
systems subsystems
ESL Nursing Student
College Funding
Family/Childcare Responsibility
State Government
Culture of Community
Economy
Barrier
Spoken and Written Language
Federal Govt.
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Methodology

• Literature Review
• Interview ESL Students at SLCC
• Survey ESL Students at SLCC

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Basic Components in OST

• Wholeness
• Hierarchy
• Teleology
• Interaction
• Entropy
• Equifinality

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Level of Theory

• Level II Factor relating
• Level III Situation relating theory
• Level IV Situation producing theory
• Ohashi (1985)

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Nursing Epistemology

• Conceptual Knowledge
• Empirical Knowledge
• Schultz Meleis ( 1988)

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References

• Johnson, B. M. Webber, P. B. (2001). An
  introduction to theory and reasoning in nursing.
  Philadelphia Lippencott.

14
References, cont.

• Ohashi, J. P. (1985). The contributions of
  Dickoff and James to theory development in
  nursing. Image the journal of nursing
  scholarship, 17,
• 17 20.

15
References, cont.

• Schultz, P. R. Meleis, A. I. (1988). Nursing
  epistemology tradition, insights, questions.
  Image Journal of nursing scholarship, 20, (4),
  pp. 217 221.