Library 1.1

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Library 1.1

• Kristin Antelman
• Charley Pennell
• NCSU Libraries
• North Carolina State University
• ALCTS/CCS Cataloging Norms Discussion Group
• ALA Annual, Washington, DC
• 23 June 2007

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The state of the catalog 2007

• Libraries have a considerable investment in
  legacy bibliographic metadata created under
  various content standards (local rules, ALA 1949,
  AACR, AACR2, AACR2rev.)
• RDA (1997- ) is slow in coming, and has been
  taking increasing heat as it tries to satisfy
  perceived needs in multiple user communities
• New community-of-interest-based content standards
  are emerging to replace AACRx (DACS, CCO, DCRM,
  CSDGM)
• Our current integrated library systems are
  basically maxed-out inventory management systems
  with a veneer of public service functionality and
  little interoperability with the emerging Web 2.0
  world

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The state of the catalog 2007

• The cult of MARC, which has served us well for
  almost 40 years, is keeping us from moving ahead
• An increasing percentage of core library work is
  being done in applications outside of the ILS
  which are not bound by its limitations, e.g. ILL,
  ERMS, full-text database searching, collection
  development
• Library users search expectations have been
  conditioned by interactions with commercial
  Websites, with which Libraries can
  barely afford to compete, but must
• Libraries are becoming increasingly
  virtual as users interact with us
  online (e-resources, Second
  Life)

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Endeca at NCSU Libraries

• Went live in January 2006
• Works with a text version of a daily snapshot of
  Libraries MARC other metadata
• Used to improve the discovery portion of the
  library catalog
• Interoperates with ILS for holdings, current
  availability status
• Web2 interface still present for known item
  authority searching

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Endeca features

• Commercial-strength search/sort speeds
• Site customizable relevance ranking
• Faceted browse
• True browsing (LC classification)
• Spell-checking
• Did you mean?
• Automatic word stemming

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Endeca hierarchies

• Classification browse
• Format/Item type
• Geographic names
• Chronological periods

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Classification browse

• Uses Library of Congress classification outline
  to filter search results by call number
• Have added LC call numbers to most of our e-book
  and e-journal records so these are not lost from
  browse
• Lost from call number browse SuDocs, Microforms,
  Archives/Manuscripts, collections with accession
  

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Future catalog development

• Enhance local catalogs
• Enable new uses on the web
• Properties of the semantic web
• Frameworks for content
• Frameworks for services

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Enhance local catalogs

• improvements to catalog functionality e.g,
  bridge keyword and authority searching
• social networking
• data feeds from catalog into other platforms

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Enable new uses on the web

• Human vs. machine interpretation
• the html web (and our data!)semantics for
  readers syntactic (hand-coded) linkages
• vs.
• the semantic websemantics for computersderived
  smart linkages

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Principles of the semantic web
1. Everything can be identified by URI's 2. Links
explicitly identify relationships (e.g., "has
subject) 3. Partial information is tolerated 4.
Evolution is supported 5. Minimalist design.
Standardize no more than is necessary 6. Missing
doesnt mean broken
Koivunen and Miller (2001), Talis
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Frameworks for content

• Subject content
• Resource Description Framework

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Frameworks for content

• Subject content
• Resource Description Framework
• Simple Knowledge Organization Systems

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Frameworks for content

• Subject content
• Resource Description Framework
• Simple Knowledge Organization Systems
• Ontology Web Language

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Frameworks for content

• Subject content
• Resource Description Framework
• Simple Knowledge Organization Systems
• Ontology Web Language
• Names
• Friend Of A Friend

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Frameworks for services

• web services,
• or
• service oriented architecture
• What is it?

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RDA/DCMI agreement

• (May 2007) Commitment to work together to
• develop an RDA Element Vocabulary
• expose RDA Value Vocabularies
• develop an RDA Application Profile, based on FRBR
  and FRAD

Separate elements from instructions Make
definitions, relationships explicit
documents community understanding guidance for
crosswalks, tools specifies controlled
vocabularies and encoding
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Stefan Gradmann, rdfsfrbr--Towards an
Implementation Model for Library Catalogs Using
Semantic Web Technology,CCQ 393/4 (2005)
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Simplified representation
War and Peace
has manifestation
has title
man008
has expression
work867-87
has creator
is known as
Leo Tolstoy
is known as
??? ???????
http//www.concepts.org/work/ http//www.concepts.
org/work/867-87 http//www.concepts.org/expressio
n http//www.concepts.org/expression/756
http//www.concepts.org/manifestation http//www.c
oncepts.org/manifestation/008 http//www.concepts
.org/creator/ http//www.concepts.org/creator/123
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What will our catalogs be then?

• The catalog (semantic web) should
• recognize clusters of knowledge
• show lineage of publications, authors
• make previously unknown connections visible
• show authoritativeness of sources
• show popularity/use
• Timothy Burke (Bibliographic Control
  Working Group, March 2007)

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What should this mean?
What could this mean?

• Others will remix

• Librarians will add value

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Hurdles to Library 2.0

• Data
• Technical
• Economic
• Cultural

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Hurdles Data

• Historic catalog data has fewer, often more
  general (less specific) subject headings
• Catalogers inconsistent in application of subject
  headings
• Our subject tools (LCC/LCSH) not hierarchical
• MARC data not granular enough (5xx fields)
• Useful bib data not in controlled form
• Other humans can read our data, other machines
  cannot

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Hurdles Data

• 260 Publication, distribution, etc.
• 260 aWashington, DC bThe Society,c1982-
• 260 aNew York bWiley,cc2005.
• 505 Contents note- not structured for use
• 505 00 g1.tEmerging Technologies in
  Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface Remediation
  /rDavid A. Sabatini, Robert C. Knox and Jeffrey
  H. Harwell --g2.tImpact of Surfactant Flushing
  on the Solubilization and Mobilization of Dense
  Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids /rL. M. Abriola, K. D.
  Pennell, G. A. Pope, T. J. Dekker and D. J.
  Luning-Prak --g3.tA Quantitative Structure -
  Activity Relationship for Solubilization of
  Nonpolar Compounds by Nonionic Surfactant
  Micelles /rChad T. Jafvert, Wei Chu and Patricia
  L. Van Hoof --
• 508 Creation/production credits
• 508 aMusic, Laxmikant Pyarelal.
• 511 Participant or performer
• 511 1- aJohn Wayne, Maureen O'Hara, Ben Johnson,
  Harry Carey, Jr., Chill Wills, J. Carrol Naish,
  Victor McLaughlin, Claude Jarman, Jr.
• 538 System details note
• 538 -- aSystem requirements Windows Vista, 2GB
  RAM, DVD-ROM drive.
• 586 Awards note
• 586 -- aNational Book Award, 1981

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Hurdles Technical

• FRBR Work records
• Format of available tools
• Hierarchy tables
• Value tables

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Work records

• No public repository of work level records
  exists
• OCLC Research working on this issue
• FRBR models for library catalogs
• OCLC embedding OCLC work numbers in bib
  records based on 001/035 match
• LC based on LC NAF
• VTLS manual connections made during cataloging
  operation
• Depth questions to translations, to editions, or
  to everything (print, MF, video)?

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Tools Print only

• National bibliographies
• Print tools for libraries without financial
  resources to use paid http services
• CIP
• Dewey classification
• AACR2
• ASIS/T thesaurus!

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Tools Electronic, no Web services

• ClassWeb (LCC, LCSH, Juvenile SH)
• Catalogers Desktop (AACR2, LCRI, SCM, CONSER
  documentation, MARC formats)
• HTML tables/databases
• Authority files
• MARC format documentation
• Thesauri
• Library catalogs

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Hurdles Economic

• Library vendor personnel trends
• Library funding trends
• Ownership of tools

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Hurdles Economic -- Personnel

• Recent personnel trends in original cataloging
  are away from professional subject/language
  specialists, towards paraprofessional generalists
• Copy cataloging increasingly outsourced
• Production expectation trends in libraries are
  paralleled in service agencies
• Cost and competition for programming/IT personnel

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Hurdles Economic Ownership

• Authority files- LC, NLM, OCLC, Getty, IMDb
• Bibliographic records- OCLC, LC, BM, individual
  libraries
• Book jackets/TOC/Reviews- Amazon, Syndetics
  Solutions, BNA
• Dewey Decimal Classification- OCLC
• LCC/LCSH/LCNAF- LC
• Thesauri- LC, NLM, Getty

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Hurdles Cultural

• Liberal values, conservative actions
• Library tradition of sharing (ILL, Union Lists,
  national libraries, MARBI, JSC)
• The worship of MARC
• Librarians feel proprietary about data that they
  paid to create (OCLC, Z39.50)
• Resources on the World Wide Web should be free

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What free electronic services ARE available?

• DDC summaries (Excel, OCLC) http//www.oclc.org/r
  esearch/researchworks/ddc/terms.htm
• GSAFD Guidelines on Subject Access to Individual
  Works of Fiction Drama (MARC/XML/ASCII, Gary
  Strawn) http//www.library.northwestern.edu/publi
  c/gsafd/
• MeSH (MARC/XML/ASCII, NLM) http//www.nlm.nih.gov
  /mesh/filelist.html
• Newspaper genre list (XML, OCLC)
  http//www.oclc.org/research/projects/termservices
  /resources/ngl.htm
• WorldCat Identities http//orlabs.oclc.org/Identit
  ies/
• Z39.50, SRW/SRU

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Coming

• NSDL (National Science Digital Library) Registry
  http//sandbox.metadataregistry.org/vocabulary/lis
  t.html
• Publisher name server http//www.oclc.org/research
  /projects/publisherns/
• Works records (OCLC)
• VIAF (Virtual International Authority File)-
  Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Library of Congress,
  Bibliothèque nationale de France, and OCLC based
  on SKOS OWL

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Find out more

• Greenberg, Jane, Méndez, Eva (Eds.). (2007)
  Knitting the semantic Web. Cataloging
  classification quarterly, 43(3/4).
• Hillman, Diane. (2007) Structures and standards
  for our bibliographic future, presentation for
  LC Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic
  Control, Chicago, IL, 9 May 2007. Available at
  http//www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/meetings/d
  ocs/hillmann-may9-2007.ppt
• Tillett, Barbara B., Harper, Corey. (2007)
  Library of Congress controlled vocabularies, the
  Virtual International Authority File, and their
  application to the Semantic Web. Available at
  http//www.ifla.org/IV/ifla73/papers/147-Tillet_Ha
  rper-en.pdf
• Vizine-Goetz, Diane. (2004) Making knowledge
  organization schemes more accessible to people
  and computers. OCLC newsletter, 266. Available
  at http//www.oclc.org/news/publications/newslett
  ers/oclc/2004/266/downloads/research.pdf