World History I 01500 Virginia SOL Curriculum

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World History I (0-1500)Virginia SOL Curriculum

• Chris Anderson
• Randolph-Henry High School
• Charlotte County
• andersoncm_at_ccps.k12.va.us

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• AD v. BC
• BCbefore Christ
• Dates go in reverse (ie. 255, 254, 253, etc)
• ADAnno Domini (in the year of our lord)
• Dates go normally

200
100
0
200
100
BC
AD
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• Pre-historythe time before writing
• Historystudy of written records

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Vocabularyearly Humans

• Archaeologist
• Study stuff (artifacts) left behind by early
  humansie. Pottery, tools, buildings, etc.
• Anthropologist
• Attempt to discover the origins of humanity
• Hominid
• Human like creature

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Dating Artifacts (stuff)

• Stratography
• Artifacts location can tell relative age
• Older artifacts are located deeper in the soil

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Dating Artifacts (stuff)

• Radio-carbon Dating
• Can only be used for organic (once living)
  material
• Measures the amount of Carbon 14 left in the
  material

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The First Humans

• November 30, 1974Dr. Donald Johanson discovered
  Lucya nearly complete skeleton of a
  pre-historic female
• She was bipedalwalked on 2 legs
• Her discovery helped scientists in their studies
  for the origins of humans

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Australopithecus

• Southern Apenot really human
• Lived in humid forests of Africa about 4 million
  years ago
• 31/2 to 4 feet tall
• Bipedal
• Small brain
• Flat nose
• Large teeth

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Australopithecus

• Africas climate changed about 3 million yea
• The climate became cooler and drier
• Tropical rainforests disappeared and were
  replaced by grassy plains
• Australopithecus had to adapt or die out
• Larger brained individuals survived

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Large Brained Hominids

• Classified by the Latin prefix Homo
• Homo habilis
• Person with ability
• Homo erectus
• Person who walks upright
• Homo sapiens
• Person who thinks
• All people today are in this group

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Homo habilis

• Hunter-gatherers
• Probably lived in trees
• Developed very little speech

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Homo erectus

• Lived on the ground
• Groups of 25-30
• High death rates
• Life expectancy 20 years
• Nomadic hunter-gatherers
• Followed their food supply

• Females gathered fruits, nuts, and seeds
• Males looked for dead animals to scavengeeww!!

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Homo erectus

• Harnessed fire
• Cooking
• heat
• Moved into caves
• Developed clothing from animal skins
• Allowed Homo erectus to move to cooler places
  such as Europe and Asia
• Began using real speech

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Homo sapiens

• The ultimate advancement of humanityus
• Two different groups of Homo sapiens developed
• Neanderthal
• Cro-Magnon

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Homo sapiens--Neanderthal

• Developed in Africa
• 100,000 years ago spread to Europe and Asia
• 5.5 feet tall
• Large brains
• Stocky bodies
• Thick bones
• Muscular necks and shoulders

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Homo sapiens--Neanderthal

• Hunter-gatherers
• Used fire
• Lived in caves
• Learned to build shelters
• From wood and animal skins
• Buried their dead with tools and flowers

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Homo sapiensCro-Magnon

• First existed ca. 40,000 years ago
• Looked like US
• Appeared 1st in Asia
• 35,000 Cro-Magnon replaced Neanderthal

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Homo sapiensCro-Magnon

• Known as tool makersexcellent tool making
  skills
• Knife
• Chisel
• Bone fish hooks
• Bone needles
• Stone axe
• Canoeallowed for transportation and trade
• Spear thrower
• Bow and arrow

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Homo sapiensCro-Magnon
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Homo sapiensCro-Magnon

• Created elaborate cave art
• Created sculptures from ivory, stone, and jade

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Migration Patterns

• Homo sapiens larger brains allowed them to adapt
  and migrate all over the world
• The major factor allowing for migration was the
  Ice Ages

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Migration Patterns

• Ice Ages
• Earth has experience 4 ice ages between 2 million
  and 10,000 years ago
• Earths temps. Fell, causing the polar ice caps
  to expand
• Lots of water was need to create the iceresulted
  in ocean levels dropping by 300 feet!
• Falling ocean levels exposed land bridges between
  continents and other land masses
• Between Japan and Korea
• Between Great Britain and Western Europe
• Between Asia and North America

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Migration Patterns

• Ice Ages
• Land bridges allowed people to migrate into
  unoccupied lands
• Moving to warmer places
• Followed herds of animals

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Neolithic Revolution

• Definitiona 5,000 year period when people began
  to produce their own food through the
  domestication of crops and animals
• The development of farming has been humanitys
  most important accomplishment
• Farming allowed humans to settle down and create
  civilizations

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Neolithic Revolution

• Before raising crops, nomadic humans began
  domesticated animals
• Dogsto aid in hunting
• Goatmilk, meat, hides
• Nomadic humans created new tools to help harvest
  (gather) wild crops
• Sickleto cut grasses and wild grains
• Potteryto carry harvested foliage

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Neolithic Revolution

• Crop domestication soon followed
• Early agricultural villages developed near rivers
  or in river valleys
• Different areas of the world grew different crops
• Asiarice
• North/Central Americacorn (maize)
• Africabananas
• South Americapotatoes
• Middle Eastwheat and barley

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Neolithic Revolution

• Early farmers began domesticating more animals
• Cattle
• Pigs
• Sheep
• Chickens

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Neolithic Revolution

• Farming allowed early humans to produce more
  food, resulting in an increase in population

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Neolithic Revolution

• Early farmers created new tools and techniques to
  help produce more food
• Plowpulled by oxen
• Fertilizers
• Ashes
• Fish
• manure
• Irrigation

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Neolithic Revolution

• Specialization of labor and technological
  advancements developed when early humans produced
  a stable food supply
• Loom inventedweaving of cloth
• Wheel inventedtransportation
• Brickbetter building material
• Metal workweapons, tools, jewelry
• Calendarsplanting and harvesting times
• Religion

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Neolithic Revolution

• Artisanscrafts workerswere needed to produce
  tools for farmers
• Early man began to use bronze (alloy of copper
  and tin) for tools and weapons
• Bronze was very expensive
• Merchants were used to trade agricultural goods
  for copper or tin

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Development of Cities

• Early cities were structured in a way to protect
  the most important individuals
• In the centergovernment and religious buildings
• The priest lived in the religious buildinghe was
  the most important person
• The government officials (ruling class) lived
  just outside the center
• Outside the government officials lived the
  merchants
• Outside the merchant lived the artisans
• City outskirtsfarmers, fishermen, and sailors

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Creation of Writing

• History begins when early humans developed ways
  to record their ideaswriting
• Writing was invented by the early prieststo keep
  track of offerings to the gods
• Started as marks and pictures for tangible items
• Symbols were eventually created for sounds and
  abstract ideas