Practical 8

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Practical 8

• ethics

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Information given to you before Reading Week

• You were sent an email and ask to recollect a bad
  experience
• You were then asked to carry out some additional
  activities and to report on your feelings on
  blackboard
• You may have had difficulties doing the last part
  - so some advice on how to do it follows

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Information given to you before Reading Week
Activity

• dont reveal to anybody else what was in the
  email!

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Using blackboard to enter your comments - go to
the py0401 labs
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Using blackboard to enter your comments 2
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Using blackboard to enter your comments 3
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Using blackboard to enter your comments 4

• There have been some interesting comments so far,
  but try to add something about how you felt
  doing the additional activity, and the effect it
  had on your feelings about the bad event

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Information given to you before Reading Week
Activity 3

• Make sure you bring the materials back with you
  next week for scoring and evaluation
• We are interested in how you reflect

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Organise into role players etc

• Get 6 student role players (2 from each class)
• 6 interviewers (2 from each class)
• Move students around lab to even off

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Collecting data

• How many truth/liars for each person in order
• You need to, individually (without conferring),
  decide the status of each person

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break

• Each role player to identify whether told truth
  or lie
• Count up the number of accurate judgements.
• Have break

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After break
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Lies from the face?
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Ekman Friesen study

• Can you tell lying from behavioural
  characteristics.
• student nurses were used as the role players and
  another group as judges
• Role players were told that not displaying
  negative emotion is very important for a nurse.
• It would be unacceptable to reveal to a patient
  how one might actually feel as it might upset the
  patient.

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Ekman Friesen study

• The role players were told that it was important
  for a nurses they should be able to conceal their
  emotions.
• They were told that when taking part in the
  experiment they should do well, and if not they
  should leave the course.

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Ekman Friesen

• Some of the nurses, who would tell the truth,
  watched a cartoon film and were video-ed enjoying
  it.
• Another group of nurses watched films of
  amputations and were asked to pretend they were
  enjoying it.
• The judges watched the video and either saw only
  the face. or all the body. They didn't hear the
  commentary.

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Ekman Friesen

• It was found that although it is possible to
  recognise liars by careful analysis of facial
  expressions, particularly a mismatch of
  microexpressions
• But, the judges were better at recognising liars
  from their body movements.
• Evidence for body leakage!

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Ethics discussion

• Are there ethical breaches in ekmans research?
• Does it matter what the research is for?
• Does it matter that the participants were nurses
  and that they may professionally have to hide
  emotions?
• Does it matter if students or professional
  psychologists do the research?
• What is acceptable for us to do in our first year
  practicals?
• What sort of research design was adopted in the
  practical?

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Compliance, ethics, deception for reading week
practical

• What issues surround the problem of obtaining
  compliance in this practical?
• Does the practical raise any ethical issues?
• Were the participants deceived at any time during
  the practical?

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Further reading

• This can be found at www.numyspace.co.uk/unn_evd
  w3/prac/07/p08
• Look at .pdf and .htm files

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Further reading

• A VRIJ, H EVANS, L AKEHURST and S MANN
• Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 18 283296 (2004)
• Rapid Judgements in Assessing Verbal and
  Nonverbal Cues Their Potential for Deception
  Researchers and Lie Detection
• Five observers watched 52 videoclips of 26 liars
  and 26 truth tellers. The findings revealed that
  rapid judgements were reliable and valid. They
  also revealed that observers were able to detect
  truths and lies well above the level of chance
  after making these rapid judgements (74 accuracy
  rate was found)

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Definitions of the 12 variablesfor rapid
judgements

• Latency period
• hand and finger movements
• speech hesitations
• quantity of details
• contextual embeddings
• reproduction of conversation
• description of others mental state
• visual details
• auditory details
• spatial information
• temporal details
• cognitive operations

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The end

• Thanks - dont forget - finish the reading week
  activity.
• Bring all the stuff with you.

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Instructions

• Do not discuss the email instructions
• Bring required information to the practical
• What is your code? H1 H2 H3?
• Conditions
• H1. Chat with the fan, share your feelings
• H2 Think back to the interview, a mental
  picture, turn over in
• H3 Think back to the interview, and
  congratulate yourself

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Scoring the SBI
Make sure you writewin-lose or lose-win and
circle the responseand whether h1, h2, h3
Subtract B from A for anticipating total for
savouring the moment total for reminiscing
total total SBI

• We will get four scores
• Anticipating - Add the following
• A. 1, 7, 13, 19
• B. 4, 10, 16, 22
• Savour the moment - Add the following
• A. 5, 11, 17, 23
• B. 2, 8, 14, 20
• Reminiscing - Add the following
• A. 3, 9, 15, 21
• B. 6, 12, 18, 24
• Total SBI - Add the following
• A. odds 1, 3, 5, 7, 9..
• B. evens 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ..

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Scoring the football fan Q
Make sure you writewin-lose or lose-win and
circle the responseand whether h1, h2, h3
Substract B from A BIRG Immediate 24 hrs later

• We will get four scores
• BIRG - Add the following
• A. 18, 19, 21, 22
• B. 20, 23
• Emotion 1 - Add the following
• A. 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 42
• B. 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41
• Emotion 2 - Add the following
• A. 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54
• B. 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53

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Scoring the PANAS

• We will get two scores
• Positive scores
• Add the following questions
• 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19
• Negative scores
• 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20

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The Steen Happiness Index (SHI).

• SHI measures positive emotion, engagement, and
  meaning in life
• A1, B2, C3, D4, E5
• Positive emotion add Q1 to
• Engagement
• Meaning in life
• Total

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Scoring the Satisfaction with life

• Add the scores of the Deiner scale
• Write down on a piece of paper
• Your group number H1, H2, H3 and whether
  win-lose or lose-win
• Your Panas positive score
• Your Panas negative score
• Your SWL score
• If you havent brought your results email them to
  delia before Tuesday next week.

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Bryant, 2003

• Savouring
• Generating, intensifying, and prolonging
  enjoyment through ones own volition
• The active management of positive emotion
  requires, not only the capacity to feel pleasure,
  but also, the capacity to find it, to manipulate
  it, and to sustain it

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Bryant Veroff (cited in Seligman, 2003 and
Bryant, 1989)

• 5 techniques for promoting savouring
• Sharing the experience with others strongest
  predictor of level of pleasure
• Memory-building mental photographs/ souvenirs
  and reminisce about it later
• Self-congratulation tell yourself how well you
  have done and that others think so too
• Sharpening perceptions focus on certain elements
  and block out others
• Absorption get totally immersed, try not to
  think, just sense

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Bryant Veroff (cited in Seligman, 2003 and
Bryant, 1989)

• 5 techniques for promoting savouring
• Happiness is likely
• When exercise a virtue
• While activity happens
• Getting lost in the activity?
• Shift in mood (ve)

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Prediction

• People who shared their experience (H1) will
  have higher ratings than the other groups (H2
  H3)

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Prediction 2

• Mood leakage from one person to another can occur
  (e.g. psychiatrists have high suicide rate)
• So, if second interview was a person whose team
  won will produce higher ratings of positiveness
  than those who interviewed a loser second.