Diabetes

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Diabetes

• Two kinds
• Type I requires insulin injections
• Type II caused by poor diet (increasing rapidly
  in teenage population)

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Pancreas and Insulin
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Insulin

• Eat food
• Increases glucose in the blood
• Need insulin to grab hold of the glucose to be
  used as energy

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Too much glucose

• Over time, the body becomes less efficient and
  our insulin receptors do not work well
• Type II Diabetes
• Because of too much sugar in our diets.

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Too much sugar

• The glucose stays in the blood because the body
  cannot produce enough insulin to collect it
• Sugar in the blood causes poor circulation that
  damages kidneys, nerves, eyes heart

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Increase in Type II

• Because of
• Being overweight or obese
• Decrease levels of activity
• Poor diet

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Food choices

• All the food we eat turns into glucose, but
  carbohydrates alter your sugar MORE than any
  other type of food

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Effects of Diabetes Poor circulation
causes problems in kidneys, eyes, heart and skin
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HYPERTENSION

• High Blood
• Pressure

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Measures High Blood Pressure

• Sphygmomanometer

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Blood Pressure

• Normal- 120/80
• 120 pressure of blood against the artery walls
  when the heart beats
• -- 80 pressure between beats

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Blood Pressure Values

• Normal. Less than 120/80
• Prehypertension. 120-139/80-89
• Hypertension. 140/90

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Increase in High Blood Pressure
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HBP increase risk Heart Disease
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Causes of HBP

• Genetics
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Too much salt in the diet
• Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2
  drinks per day)
• Stress

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Wheres the SALT?

• Contain high levels of sodium (salt)
• Lunch meats
• Soy sauce
• Canned soups and canned vegetables
• Tomato juice
• Pickles
• Chinese food
• Potato chips, corn chips

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Symptoms of HBP

• There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension,
  so you usually don't feel it.
• In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have
  hypertension don't know it. The only way to know
  if you have hypertension is to have your blood
  pressure checked.

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Health problems associated with HBP

• Stroke
• Heart failure/attack
• Sleep apnea/snoring
• Kidney failure
• Vision problems
• Premature death
• Erectile dysfunction
• baldness

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Reducing the risks

• Eat more fruits and veggies
• Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day)
• Exercise at least 30 minutes a day
• Moderate alcohol consumption (no more than 2
  drinks a day)
• Maintain healthy weight

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Cholesterol
HDL and LDL HDL good LDL bad
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LDL- Bad cholesterol

• Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up

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What LDL does

• it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the
  arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming
  plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those
  arteries

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a
  clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can
  cause a heart attack or stroke. 

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HDL- Good cholesterol

• HDL cholesterol is known as the "good"
  cholesterol because a high level of it seems to
  protect against heart attack.
• HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the
  arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed
  from the body.

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Increasing your HDLs

• Increase the monounsaturated fats in your diet.
• canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in the
  fats found in peanut butter
• Add soluble fiber to your diet.
• oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes
• at least two servings a day

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What NOT to eat

• Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal
  fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical
  oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the
  levels of LDL cholesterol.

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NO GOOD FOR YOU

• stick margarines contain the most trans fatty
  acid, tub margarines contain less, and
  semi-liquid margarines contain the least

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Filled with Trans Fatty Acid

• Donuts/cakes/cookies
• Packaged goods
• Commercially fried foods
• Microwave popcorn

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Whats a Trans Fatty Acid?

• After research found that saturated fats
  increased LDLs, manufacturers had to switch to a
  healthier vegetable oil
• This kind of oil goes rancid (bad) quickly so
  food companies began to hydrogenate the oil to
  increase the shelf life of foods
• Hydrogenated oil forms Trans Fatty Acids

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Filled with Fatty Acids

• crackers/corn chips/potato chips

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Hazards of Obesity
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Obesity Hazards

• Risk of strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBP
• Appendicitis
• Arthritis
• Hernia
  

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Need to change our Lifestyle

• 2/3 of Americans are overweight

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Why are we so FAT?

• Must relay on cars because communities are so
  spread out (unable to walk places)
• Most new communities do not have sidewalks

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Why are we so FAT?

• Who is watching out for you? NO ONE
• Snapple and soda vending machines
• Both contain HFCS (high fructose corn syrup)

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HFCS

• Sugar from corn
• Cheap to produce
• Very sweet
• Easy to store
• Used in everything bread, pasta sauces, bacon,
  beer, protein bars

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Too much sugar

• Fructose
• Causes increased cholesterol
• Decreases action of WBC (white blood cells)
• Fructose also converted into fatty acids very
  EASILY by the liverthats why we are getting
  FATTER!

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Heredity

• Genes inherited from your parents
• Determine eye color, hair color
• And also WEIGHT
• Some people burn calories faster or slower than
  others because of genes.

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Whats happening

• Americans are eating out more
• Have less activity (cars, computers, remote
  control, TV, video games)

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Processed Foods

• Contain a lot more calories

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Who is more at risk?

• Women gt Men
• Mexicans African Americans gt other races
• TEENAGERS

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Teenagers

• Poor diets and inactivity in teens resulting in
  diseases thought to be adult problems
• High Blood Pressure
• High cholesterol
• Type II Diabetes

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Feeling Good

• No magic cure, no quick fix
• Exercise
• Good diet
• Drink water

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Whats on your plate?

• Eat breakfast, lunch and dinner
• Watch serving sizes
• Have plenty of color on your plate

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Serving sizes

• Peanut butter/cream cheese

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Serving sizes

• Piece of fruit
• bagel

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Serving sizes

• 1 oz. of cheese- 4 dice

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Serving size

• Baked potato
• 3 oz of cooked meat

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Serving sizes

• 1 cup of fruit/vegetables-
• whatever fits in the palm of your hands