Eukaryote vs Prokaryote

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Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
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GENE ORGANIZATION

• EUKARYOTE VS PROKARYOTE

CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS
INTRON
DNA
EXON
RNA
TRANSCRIPTION
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
RNA SPLICING
TRANSLATION
mRNA
PROTEIN
TRANSLATION
PROTEIN
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GENE ORGANIZATION

• EUKARYOTE VS PROKARYOTE
• Translation of eukaryotic mRNA produce single
  polypeptide (monocystronic mRNA)
• Prokaryote one mRNA can produce more than one
  polypeptides (polycystronic mRNA)

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GENE ORGANIZATION

• EUKARYOTE VS PROKARYOTE
• Eukaryotic DNA is wrapped with histones to form
  chromatin. Chromatin is absent in prokaryote
• Majority of eukayotic DNA is not transcribed or
  expressed

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GENE ORGANIZATION
DNAprotein complex CHROMATIN contains DNA
and histones
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GENE ORGANIZATION

• EUKARYOTE VS PROKARYOTE
• DNA rearrangement occurs in eukaryote
• Most eukaryotic genes are interrupted or contains
  intron

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Gene Orientation
Gene has orientation from 5 to 3
Double-stranded DNA Upper strand/coding strand
5 to 3 Lower strand/template strand 3 to
5 Gene is transcribed from 5 to 3
Template strand is read from 3 to 5 RNA
polymer is synthesized from 5 to 3
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(No Transcript)
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GENE ORGANIZATION

• Prokaryote Transcription regulatory region is
  small, located close to the gene (promoter-
  binding site for RNA polymerase)
• Eukaryote- Transcription regulatory region is
  large and contains many elemens, i.e., enhancer,
  promoter, silencer, initiator can be found away
  from the gene

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Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
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Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Prokaryotic Gene Structure I
Cis-RegulatoryElements
Shine-Delgarnobox
Stop CodonTAA, TAG, TGA
Stop Codon
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DNA
Coding Sequence ORF
ORF
Promoter/Operator
Protein A
Protein B
5 UTR Leadersequence
Spacer 5UTR
Terminatorsequence
Cistron 1
Cistron 2
Regulatory Sequences
Structural or Coding Sequences
Regulatory and Coding Sequence Unit Operon
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Eukaryote- regulatory region
anywhere
-25 to -30
-80 to -100
Gene-specific
Gene-specific
TATA
CCAAT
Up to -100
Gene-specific
GGGCGG
TATA
-40 to -80
Gene-specific
TATA
CCAAT
GGGCGG
-40 to -80
-80 to -100
CCAAT
GGGCGG
Gene-specific
GGGCGG
CCAAT
GGGCGG
Inr
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Mitochondrial Genome
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PLASMID (PROKARYOTE)