DAMLS Briefing

1
DAML-S Briefing

• DAML-S Web Services Coalition
• Presented byDavid Martin (SRI)Sheila McIlraith
  (Stanford KSL)Terry Payne (Southampton)
• http//www.daml.org/services/

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DAML-S Web Services Coalition

• BBN Mark Burstein
• CMU Massimo Paolucci, Katia Sycara
• ICSI Srini Narayanan
• Nokia Ora Lassila
• Stanford KSL Sheila McIlraith
• SRI David Martin
• Southampton Terry Payne
• USC-ISI Jerry Hobbs
• Yale Drew McDermott

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Outline

• DAML-S technical overview update
• Overview of ontology areas
• Profile, process model, grounding
• Progress to date
• Challenges, next steps
• Directions for 2002-2003
• Key challenges (Sheila McIlraith)
• Joint committee plans (Katia Sycara)

4
Convergence on Services

• Commercial vendors, media, forecasters, etc.
• Intranets, not just internets
• W3C Web services efforts
• Semantic Web community
• DAML-S WSMF other EU efforts
• ISWC 10 services-related papers, 7 posters
• Grid computing (OGSA)
• Ubiquitous computing (devices)
• Mobile access to services
• ? A remarkable opportunity
• Bringing behavioral intelligence to the Web

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DAML-S DAML for web Services
A DAMLOIL ontology/language for (formally)
describing properties and capabilities of Web
services
DAML-S (Services)
DAML-??? (Rules, FOL?)
6
DAML-S Objectives

• Automation of service use by software agents
• Ideal full-fledged use of services never before
  encountered
• discovery, selection, composition, invocation,
  monitoring
• Useful in the real world
• Compatible with industry standards
• Incremental exploitation
• Enable reasoning/planning about services
• e.g., On-the-fly composition
• Integrated use with information resources
• Ease of use powerful tools

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Automation Enabled by DAML-S

• Web service discovery
• Find me a shipping service that transports goods
  to Dubai.
• Web service invocation
• Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from
  www.acmemoo.com
• Web service selection composition
• Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in
  Dubai.
• Web service execution monitoring
• Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for
  yet?

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Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne,
University of Southampton
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Service Profile What does it do?

• High-level characterization/summary of a service
• Used for
• Populating service registries
• A service can have many profiles
• Automated service discovery
• Service selection (matchmaking)
• One can derive
• Service advertisements
• Service requests

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Service Profile
Non Functional Properties
Functionality Description
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Profile Recent evolution

• Styles of use
• Class-hierarchical yellow pages
• Implicit capability characterization
• Arrangement of attributes on class hierarchy
• Can use multiple inheritance
• Process summaries for planning purposes
• More explicit
• Inputs, outputs, preconditions, effects
• Less reliance on formal hierarchical organization
• Summarizes process model specs

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Exploiting Taxonomies of Services
nameproviderroleavgResponseTime?
ServiceProfile
FeeBased
feeBasispaymentMethod
ProductProvidingService
ActionService
Physical_Product
Manufacturing
InfoService
InformationProduct
physicalProductmanufacturerdeliveryRegiondel
iveryProviderdeliveryType
PhysicalProductService
Repair
physicalProduct
Tie in with UDDI, UNSPSC, DL Basis for
matchmakingMultiple profiles multiple taxonomies
transportationModegeographicRegion
Transportation
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Upper Ontology of Services
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Service ModelHow does it work?
Process Model How does it work?

• Process
• Interpretable description of service providers
  behavior
• Tells service user how and when to interact
  (read/write messages)
• Process control
• Ontology of process state supports status
  queries
• (stubbed out at present)
• Used for
• Service invocation, planning/composition,
  interoperation, monitoring
• All processes have
• Inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects
• Function/dataflow metaphor action/process
  metaphor
• Composite processes
• Control flow
• Data flow

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Service Model / Process Model
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Composite Process
Output Effects
Input Preconditions
AcmeTruckShpng

• confirmation no.
• ...

• customer name
• location
• car type
• dates
• credit card no.
• ...

www.acmecar.com book car service
?

• failure notification

?

• confirmation no.
• ...

• confirmation no.
• dates
• room type
• credit card no.
• ...

• confirmation no.
• ...

www.acmehotel.com book hotel service
?

• customer name
• flight numbers
• dates
• credit card no.
• ...

www.acmeair.com book flight service
?

• failure notification

• failure notification
• errror information

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Process Model Recent evolution

• Conditional outputs effects
• Parameter bindings
• ltrdfDescription rdfabout"FullCongoBuy"gtltsameV
  alues rdfparseType"damlcollection"gt
  ltValueOf atClass"FullCongoBuy
  theProperty"fullCongoBuyBookISBN"/gt
  ltValueOf atClass"LocatedBookOutput
  theProperty"outInCatalogBookISBN"/gt
  ltValueOf atClass"CongoBuyBook
  theProperty"congoBuyBookISBN"/gtlt/sameValue
  sgt
• ? Pushing the limits of DAMLOIL expressiveness

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Upper Ontology of Services
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Service Grounding How to access it

• Implementation-specific
• Message formatting, transport mechanisms,
  protocols, serializations of types
• Service Model Grounding give everything needed
  for using the service
• Examples HTTP forms, SOAP, KQML, CORBA IDL, OAA
  ICL, Java RMI

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DAML-S / WSDL Grounding

• Web Services Description Language
• Authored by IBM, Ariba, Microsoft
• Focus of W3C Web Services Description WG
• Commercial momentum
• Specifies message syntax accepted/generated by
  communication ports
• Bindings to popular message/transport standards
  (SOAP, HTTP, MIME)
• Abstract types extensibility elements
• Complementary with DAML-S

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DAML-S
DL-based Types
Process Model
Inputs / Outputs
Atomic Process
Message
Operation
Binding to SOAP, HTTP, etc.
WSDL
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DAML-S / WSDL Grounding (contd)
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Review Upper Ontology of Services
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Path of Evolution

• Release 0.5 (May 2001)
• Initial Profile Process ontologies
• Release 0.6 (December 2001)
• Refinements to Profile Process
• Resources ontology
• Two approaches to formal semantics
• Sycara/Ankolekar, McIlraith/Narayanan
• Release 0.7 (October 2002)
• DAML-S/WSDL Grounding
• Profile, Process Model refinements
• More complete examples
• Towards 1.0
• Expressiveness issues process modeling industry
  tie-in

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Related Activities

• Web site mailing lists
• http//www.daml.org/services/
• www-ws_at_w3.org
• Users
• UMCP (Hendler/Parsia), UMBC (Finin), Manchester
  (Goble), CMU (Sadeh), Lockheed-Martin, Ultralog,
  beta-reviewers,
• Tools
• DAML-S publications
• WWW10 SW Workshop (2), SWWS, WWW11, Coordination
  2002, AAMAS, ICSW (4), IEEE Computer, IEEE
  Intel. Systems
• W3C Web services activities
• Designated liaison for WS Arch. WG Katia Sycara
• Experiment
• Use cases

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Challenges

• Finding the 80/20 line
• Profiles relationship with processes
• Process modeling many issues
• Variability of public/private aspects of
  Processes
• Extending to offline (sub)processes
• Generalizing to multiple roles
• Failure, transactions
• Where and how to go beyond DAMLOIL?
• Interface between DL ontology, logical
  expressions, algorithm/workflow representation
• Connecting with Industry
• Showing compelling value
• Not promising too much
• Providing an incremental path

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Next steps / priorities

• Focus on use cases ? architecture
• Joint committee forming
• Move to OWL
• Model information services
• Profile More substantial illustrative taxonomies
• Tie in with existing taxonomies where possible
  (e.g. UNSPSC)
• Process Model
• Evaluate potential tie-in with an existing effort
  (WSFL?)
• Support real-world use
• Describing and using public WSDL services
• Possible collaborations with other SemWeb
  projects
• Demos directed towards Web services community
• Tools
• DAML-S API

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Whats Next for DAML-S2 Key Challenge Areas

• Presenter Sheila McIlraith
• Stanford
• Knowledge Systems Laboratory

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Current Challenges

• Expressiveness of DAMLOIL
• DAML-S ?? Industry Trends
• ? complementary
• ? compatible
• ? influential

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Expressiveness Semantics
Problem DAMLOIL has a well-defined semantics,
but it is not sufficiently expressive to
characterize all and only the intended
interpretations of DAML-S.
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Expressiveness Semantics

• Problem DAMLOIL has a well-defined semantics,
  but
• it is not sufficiently expressive to characterize
  all and only
• the intended interpretations of DAML-S.
• Solution 1
• Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.

32
Expressiveness Semantics

• Problem DAMLOIL has a well-defined semantics,
  but
• it is not sufficiently expressive to characterize
  all and only
• the intended interpretations of DAML-S.
• Solution 1
• Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
• Interleaving function-based operational semantics
  w/ subtype polymorphism.

33
Expressiveness Semantics

• Problem DAMLOIL has a well-defined semantics,
  but
• it is not sufficiently expressive to characterize
  all and only
• the intended interpretations of DAML-S.
• Solution 1
• Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
• Interleaving function-based operational semantics
  w/ subtype polymorphism.
• Semantics via translation to first-order logic.

34
Expressiveness Semantics

• Problem DAMLOIL has a well-defined semantics,
  but
• it is not sufficiently expressive to characterize
  all and only
• the intended interpretations of DAML-S.
• Solution 1
• Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
• Interleaving function-based operational semantics
  w/ subtype polymorphism.
• Semantics via translation to first-order logic.

Solution 2 DAML Rules?
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Industry Trends The Web Services Stack
Modification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Wire Protocols
Description
Discovery
SOAP Blocks
SOAP/XMLP
XML
WSDL Extensions
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
WSDL
Registry (UDDI)
TCP/IP
XML
Inspection
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Industry Trends The Web Services Stack
Modification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Wire Protocols
Description
Discovery
SOAP Blocks
SOAP/XMLP
XML
WSDL Extensions
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
WSDL
Registry (UDDI)
TCP/IP
XML
Inspection
37
Industry Trends The Web Services Stack
Modification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Wire Protocols
Description
Discovery
D A M L S
SOAP Blocks
Agreements
SOAP/XMLP
XML
WSDL Extensions
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
WSDL
Registry (UDDI)
TCP/IP
XML
Inspection
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Breakout Sessions

• Services/Rules
• (Web Services Expressiveness Issues
  Industry Trends)

• Service Use Cases

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Joint US Europe Semantic Web Services Committee

• Presenter Katia Sycara
• Carnegie Mellon University

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Objectives

• Bring together US and European Semantic Web
  Services researchers
• Engage in collaborative standardization efforts
• DAML-S language
• Semantic Web Services Architecture
• Possible outcome is a W3C Note

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Overall Structure

• Language Technical Committee
• Co-chairs David Martin and TBD
• Architecture Technical Committee
• Co-chairs Mark Burstein and Christoph Bussler
• Industrial Advisory Board
• Advisory Committee
• Murray Burke, Hans-Georg Stork, Jim Hendler
• Coordinating Committee
• Co-chairs Dieter Fensel and Katia Sycara

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ISWC2003

• http//iswc2003.semanticweb.org
• Location Sundial Resort, Sanibel Island, Fla,
  USA
• Dates 20-23 October 2003
• Paper Submission Date April 15, 2003
• Workshop Proposals Submission Date December 16,
  2002
• Tutorial Proposal Submission Date Feburary 28,
  2003
• Demo Proposal Submission Date July 13, 2003

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ISWC2003

• Organizing Committee
• General Chair Dieter Fensel
• Program Chair Katia Sycara
• Program Co-Chair John Mylopoulos
• Tutorial Chair Asun Gomez-Perez
• Workshop Chairs Sheila McIlraith and Dimitris
  Plexousakis
• Industrial Track Chair Christoph Bussler
• Poster Chair Raphael Malyankar
• Finance Chair Jerome Euzenat
• Publicity Chair Mike Dean
• Local Arrangements Chair Jeff Bradshaw
• Sponsor Chairs Ying Ding and Massimo Paolucci
• Registration Chair Atanas Kyriakov
• Demo Chair Jeff Heflin