McIlraith for DAMLS Coalition DAML PI Meeting 071901

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DAML-S A DAMLOIL Ontology for Web Services
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DAML-S
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Jerry R. Hobbs
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Brought to you by the DAML-S Web Services
Coalition
Image compliments of Hobbs Connolly, SRI
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DAML-S Briefing

• DAML-S Web Services Coalition
• presented by Sheila A. McIlraith
• Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL)
• Stanford University
• http//www.daml.org/services/

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DAML-S Web Services Coalition

• CMU Massimo Paolucci, Terry Payne, Katia Sycara
• BBN Mark Burstein
• Nokia Ora Lassila
• Stanford KSL Sheila McIlraith, Honglei Zeng
• SRI Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan
• Yale Drew McDermott
• Manchester Ian Horrocks

Founded February, 2001
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What is DAML-S?

• DAML-S A DARPA Agent Markup Language for
  Services
• DAMLOIL Ontology for (Web) services
• AI-inspired markup language
• tailored to the representational needs of
  Services
• expressive power
• well-defined semantics
• ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct
  markup, ...
• 
  
  
• Release of DAML-S version 0.5 June,2001
• http//www.daml.org/services/

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Layered Approach to Language Development
The first major application of DAMLOIL
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DAML-S Objectives

• Provide an upper ontology for describing
  properties capabilities of (Web) services in an
  unambiguous, computer interpretable markup
  language.
• Desiderata
• the ontology of Web services
• ease of expressiveness
• enables automation of service use by agents
• enables reasoning about service properties and
  capabilities

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Automation Enabled by DAML-S

• Web service discovery
• Find me a shipping service that transports goods
  to Dubai.
• Web service invocation
• Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from
  www.acmemoo.com
• Web service selection, composition and
  interoperation
• Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in
  Dubai.
• Web service execution monitoring
• Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for
  yet?

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Who Will Use DAML-S?

• Web service providers (e.g., Amazon, Intelink,
  United Airlines)
• ? mark up their services
• 3rd party Web page designers (e.g., Web
  Designers)
• ? mark up clients services
• 2nd-ary Web service providers (e.g.,
  Travelocity, My Simon)
• ? exploit others services to create add-on
  services
• ? use/write agent software to find/execute/compose
  other services
• Web service end users (e.g., Joe, Analysts)
• ? characterize their needs
• ? use/write agent software to find/execute/compose
  services

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Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, CMU
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Service Profile

• High-level description of a service and its
  provider
• description of service (human readable)
• specification of functionalities service provides
• functional attributes (requirements and
  capabilities)
• Profile used for
• populating service registries
• automated service discovery
• matchmaking

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Service Profile
AcmeShipping name Acme Shipping Ltd.
physicalAddress 3333 Travis
Road Manchester, NH webURL www.acmeship.com
email weship_at_acme.com ...
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Service Profile
A service is provided by an Actor (service
provider) E.g., AcmeBookShipping is provided by
AcmeShipping
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Service Profile
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Upper Ontology of Services
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Service Model
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Service ModelHow does it work?
Process Model

• Each service is conceived as simple or composite
  process (event/action)
• Associated with each service is a set of inputs,
  outputs, preconditions and effects (function and
  action metaphor)
• Composite processes are compositions of simple or
  other composite processes in terms of constructs
  such as sequence, if-then-else, fork,...
• Data flow and Control flow should be described
  for each composite service
• A black box and glass box view are given of each
  composite service
• Process model used for
• (automated) Web service invocation, composition,
  interoperation, monitoring (potentially together
  w/ grounding).

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Function/Dataflow Metaphor
Input
Output

• customer name
• origin
• destination
• weight
• pickup date
• ...

• confirmation no.
• ...

Acme Book Truck Shipment
Y
truck available valid credit card
?
N

• failure notification

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AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor
Output

• confirmation no.
• ...

Input

• customer name
• origin
• destination
• pickup date
• ...

• goods at location
• if successful
• credit card debited...

Effect
Y
truck available valid credit card
?
Preconditions
N

• knowledge of
• the input
• ...

• failure notification

Output

Effect
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Composite Process
Output Effects
Input Preconditions
AcmeTruckShpng

• confirmation no.
• ...

• customer name
• location
• car type
• dates
• credit card no.
• ...

www.acmecar.com book car service
?

• failure notification

?

• confirmation no.
• ...

• confirmation no.
• dates
• room type
• credit card no.
• ...

• confirmation no.
• ...

www.acmehotel.com book hotel service
?

• customer name
• flight numbers
• dates
• credit card no.
• ...

www.acmeair.com book flight service
?

• failure notification

• failure notification
• errror information

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Composite Process
AcmeTruckShpng
ExpandedAcmeTruckShpng
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expand
AcmeTruckShpng
ExpAcmeTruckShpng
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Upper Ontology of Services
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Service Grounding (under development)

• Specification of service access information
• specifies communication protocols, transport
  mechanisms, etc.
• E.g., SOAP, HTTP forms, Java RMI, RPC, etc.

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Review Upper Ontology of Services
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Exploiting Ontologies of Services
Service
Shipping
Purchase
BuyBook
BuyTicket
AirShipping
BoatShipping
TruckShipping
BuyAirTicket
AcmeTruckShipping
BuyConcertTicket
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Related Work

• Related Industrial Initiatives
• UDDI ebXML
• WSDL .Net
• XLANG Biztalk, e-speak, etc
• These XML-based initiatives are currently
  complementary to DAML-S.
• DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts
  exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics,
  inference that enables automation.
• Related Academics Efforts
• Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus)
• Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic,
  PSL)
• Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)
• Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL)

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Tools and Applications
DAML-S provides a means of describing Web
services. Its just another DAMLOIL ontology ?
all the tools and technologies that exist for
DAMLOIL are relevant Some DAML-S Specific Tools
and Technologies Extending DAML-S DAML-S
Coalition (security, symbol grounding, )
Discovery, Matchmaking, Agent Brokering CMU, SRI
(OAA), Stanford KSL Automated Web Service
Composition Stanford KSL, BBN/Yale/Kestrel,
CMU, MIT, Nokia, SRI DAML-S
Editor Stanford KSL, SRI, CMU (profiles),
Manchester Process Modeling Tools Reasoning
SRI, Stanford KSL Service Enactment
/Simulation SRI, Stanford KSL
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Challenges

• Technical Issues
• DAMLOIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed resolved issues
• (SRI CMU will mention some this afternoon)
• (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)
• Connecting with Industry Initiatives with User
  Community
• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry ( in DAML) to mark up
  services with DAML-S
• concern industrys lack of adoption of RDF
• Tools availability
• DAMLOIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor

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Challenges

• Technical Issues
• DAMLOIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed resolved issues
• messages, synchronization, conversation
  protocols, exceptions and transaction,
• multiple participants, scripts,
  unification/binding, constraints, ontologies of
  processes,
• service grounding, ...
• Connecting with Industry Initiatives with User
  Community
• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry ( in DAML) to mark up
  services with DAML-S
• concern industrys lack of adoption of RDF
• Tools availability
• DAMLOIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor

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Challenges

• Technical Issues
• DAMLOIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed resolved issues
• (SRI CMU will mention some this afternoon)
• (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)
• Connecting with Industry Initiatives with User
  Community
• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry ( in DAML) to mark up
  services with DAML-S
• concern industrys lack of adoption of RDF
• Tools availability
• DAMLOIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor

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We Want Your Input!

• Status DAML-S version 0.5 released June, 2001.
• Please get involved!
• ? Break-out Session (Friday)
• ? Try DAML-S for your application give
  feedback
• ? DAML-S version 0.5 and related papers
• http//www.daml.org/services/
• ? mailing list
• www-ws_at_w3.org (technical discussions)
• daml-services_at_daml.org (announcements)

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Acknowledgements

• Slides created by Sheila McIlraith, KSL Stanford
• Page 1 graphic created by Jerry Hobbs Kelli
  Connolly, SRI
• Ontology images created by Terry Payne, CMU