Situative Planning A Strategic Approach to Urban Planning

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UPA Package 5, Module 1

• Situative Planning - A Strategic Approach to
  Urban Planning

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Stategic Planning

• Strategic approach to urban management responds
  to rapidly changing environment.
• Therefore it is
• informal,
• flexible,
• iterative,
• unifying,
• participatory.
• Source Urban Planning and Management Project
  20022

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Situative Planning (2)

• Components are
• to work together with administration
• to have a goal
• to analyse the situation
• to identify problems and potentials
• to derive objectives
• to implement a plan
• to monitor and evaluate
• to communicate

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Plan Programme - Project

• Plan
• A strategy which gives intention guided
  recommendations to achieve a conceived situation.
• Programme
• An outline of measures that specify the type of
  work needed to achieve the conceived situation
  set in plans.
• Project
• A set of activities to achieve a specific
  objective of a programme within a given time
  period and budget.

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Hierarchy ofPlan Programme Project
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Project Cycle
Project Proposal
Project Examination
Project Selection
Project Planning
Project Plan

• External Evaluation
• Project Continuation
• Project Modification
• Project End

Implementation
Monitoring Evaluation
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Contents of Tool Kit

• Urban Profile
• Organisation and Institutional Analysis
• Interest Analysis
• Problem Analysis
• Potential Analysis
• Objectives Analysis
• Alternatives Analysis
• Logical Framework (Project Planning Matrix)
• Operation Plan
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Communication- and Teamwork Exercises

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Management by Objectives

• MBO was introduced to improve the planning and
  control of projects through
• clarification of scope of responsibilities
• improvement of communication and co-operation
  between executing agencies and decision makers
• installation of common platform for the project
  team
• provision of indicators as a basis for monitoring
  and evaluation.

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GOPP as an Example of MBO

• What is GOPP?
• GOPP is the English translation of the German
  term ZOPP.
• ZOPP is an acronym of the German term
• Ziel goal G
• Orientierte oriented O
• Projekt project P
• Planung planning P
• GOPP is a set of
• procedures,
• instruments and
• working techniques.

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Basic Procedures of GOPP

• gradual procedure through a sequence of
  successive planning steps
• permanent visualisation and documentation of all
  planning steps
• team approach

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Features of GOPP

• GOPP
• is one workable system
• is an open system
• is as good as the planning-team
• can be applied flexible on different planning
  stages
• generates a consensus of different opinions
  through the planning process.

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Workshop Moderator

• The moderator leads through the workshop but he
  is not a discussion leader.
• The moderator
• introduces the method,
• reminds the participants to respect the
  game-rules and
• gives technical assistance.
• The moderator
• never judges the ideas of the participants and
• does not take part in the thematical discussion.

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Working Techniques

• permanent visualisation and documentation of all
  planning steps with cards
• rules of application
• moderation

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Card Method
Per card
Never
more than three lines per card

• 1 idea
• 1 problem
• 1 thought

same logic same colour

• CAPITALS
• hand written

clear writing (block letters)
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Card Visualisation

• Put the cards on the board.
• Organise the cards according to topics.
• Stick the cards to the board to fix the results.

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Rules

• All workshop participants have the same
  importance.
• no monologues ? thank you rule
• Avoid formal voting to obtain a majority
  decision.
• Every card remains on the wall till the whole
  group decides to remove it.
• new idea ? new card

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Results

• There are no correct or incorrect ideas. All
  ideas are accepted on equal ground.
• Novel and creative ideas are encouraged
  regardless of how foolish they might seem.
• Criticism and discussions are not allowed.
• Emphasis is on generating a large number of ideas
  in order to get all around the problem.
• Combinations and extensions of ideas are
  encouraged.

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Brainstorming

• Brainstorming is a method to generate new ideas
  in a group on the basis of spontaneous thoughts
  concerning a specific topic.
• It helps to get inputs from all participants
  which are used for further development of the
  topic.
• To get a spontaneous statement of each
  participant.
• To get different answers regarding a put
  question.
• Is the basis for many further developments like
  group work, discussions, problem tree development
  etc.

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Procedure (1)

• Each participant gets one or a special number of
  cards (small groups up to three answers possible)
  and a pen.
• Explain the procedure
• how to work with cards and
• brainstorming method.
• Put the questions on the board
• Give a time reference and appoint someone to
  assist you.
• Collect all cards and pin them on the board.

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Procedure (2)

• Cluster the answers (some statements might be
  single).
• Encourage all participants to define labels for
  clusters (not the majority but consensus is
  decisive).
• Discuss the answers.
• Formulate further questions or steps (e.g. second
  round of brainstorming).

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Brainstorming Workshop
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Organisation of a Planning Workshop

• Tasks of an Urban Planner
• preparation of an urban profile
• selection of participants
• functional aspects
• group dynamics
• not more than 20 participants
• information and participation
• objectives of workshop
• methodology
• expectations