The Rise of Europe

1
Chapter 8

• The Rise of Europe
• (500-1300)

2
Section 1

• The Early Middle Ages

3
The Early Middle Ages

• 500-1000 Europe was a frontier land, a sparsely
  populated, undeveloped area on the outskirts of
  civilization.
• A new European civilization emerged that blended
  Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions.

4
The Germanic Kingdoms

• After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes divided
  Western Europe into many small kingdoms..
• The Franks were the strongest of the Germanic
  tribes. Clovis, king of the Franks, conquered
  Gaul and then converted to Christianity, the
  religion of the people in Gaul.

5
The Empire of Charlemagne

• Charlemagne helped Leo III by stopping the
  rebellion in Rome.
• The Pope then crowned Charlemagne the Emperor of
  the Romans
• Since he crowned a Germanic King successor to
  the Roman emperors, the pope revived the ideal of
  a united Christian community.

6
The Age of Charlemagne

• Tried to create a united Christian Europe.
• Helped spread Christianity to the conquered
  people
• Revived Latin learning in his empire and strived
  to create a second Rome
• Battle of Tours stopped Muslim advance into
  Western Europe

7
Section 2

• Feudalism and the manor economy

8
The Emergence of Feudalism

• Feudalism was a loosely organized system of rule
  in which powerful local lords divided their
  landholdings among lesser lords. In exchange,
  lesser lords, or vassals, pledged military
  service and loyalty to the greater lord
• Fief- an estate granted to a vassal

9
Peasants

• Serfs- were bound to the land. They were NOT
  slaves, yet they were not free.
• Serfs made up the majority of the population in
  medieval society.

10
Nobles

• Trained from boyhood to be knights, or mounted
  warriors
• Chivalry- a code of conduct adopted by knights in
  the Middle ages

11
The Manor Economy

• The Manor, or lords estate, was the heart of the
  medieval economy.
• The manor economy was based on farming and
  self-sufficiency
• Peasant worked for the lord
• Peasant received protection and a small amount of
  land to farm

12
Feudal society

• Defined places in society
• 1. Monarch
• 2. Lords
• 3. Lesser lords
• 4. Knights
• 5. peasants

13
Section 3

• The Medieval Church

14
The Church and Medieval Life

• Church was social center
• Christian rules and faith part of everyday life
• Tithe- tax equal to a tenth of their income
• Monks and nuns cared for the poor and sick

15
The Power of the Church Grows

• After the fall of Rome, the church became the
  most powerful secular, or worldly, force in
  medieval Europe.
• Popes began to claim papal supremacy, or
  authority over all secular rulers
• Medieval church developed its own body of laws
  know as canon law
• Church had absolute power in religious matters

16
Reform Movements

• As church wealth and power grew, discipline
  weakened and some clergy ignored their vows
• Reform movements
• Cluniac reforms-addressed church corruption
• Pope Gregory VII- outlawed marriage for priests
  and prohibited simony, the selling of church
  offices
• Dominican order- taught official Roman Catholic
  beliefs

17
Jews in Europe

• In hard times, Christians persecuted the Jews
• Anti-Semitism- prejudice against Jews
• In response to growing persecution, thousands of
  Jews migrated from Western to Eastern Europe

18
Section 4

• Economic Expansion and Change

19
Agricultural Revolution

• New farming techniques led to increased food
  production which led to a population explosion
• Between 1000 and 1300, the population in Europe
  doubled

20
Trade in Medieval Europe

• Trade was the most important economic activity in
  a medieval town
• Charter written document that set out the
  rights and privileges of a town

21
A Commercial Revolution

• As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy
  goods. European merchants developed new business
  practices
• Setting up banks
• Capital money for investment-spurred the growth
  of banking houses
• Developing insurance

22
Social Changes

• A new middle class of merchants, traders, and
  artisans emerged.
• To nobles, towns were a disruptive influence. To
  the clergy, the profits that merchants and banks
  made from usury was immoral
• Usury- lending money at interest
• Many Jews took own the profession of money lending

23
Guilds

• In medieval towns, merchants and artisans formed
  associations called guilds.
• Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated
  town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and
  making other important decisions