The Internet and the World Wide Web

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Chapter 2

• The Internet and the World Wide Web

2
History of the Internet

• Created by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects
  Agency) in 1969
• Originally called ARPANET and connected 4
  computers at UCLA, UCSB, Stanford, and Utah
• Around 1972, it was renamed to Internet
• The original service on the Internet was email
• Today, the Internet is a collection of many
  networks
• There is no centralized control, although the
  World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) sets standards
  and guidelines

3
Connecting to the Internet

• Modem (Modulator/Demodulator) transforms the
  computers signals into another form for
  transmission over another media (like a telephone
  line or cable TV)?
• Dial-up uses a modem, slow
• High-speed Telephone
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)?
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)?
• Cable TV uses a cable modem but is faster than
  dial-up
• ISP (Internet Service Provider) provides access
  to the Internet (e.g. RoadRunner, AOL, EarthLink,
  etc.)?

4
How Computers Communicate

• A protocol is a standard with which
  computers/applications communicate
• The two main protocols used on the Internet are
  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP
  (Internet Protocol) usually written TCP/IP

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Internet Addresses

• All computers on the Internet have a unique id
  called and IP address (e.g. 152.20.222.238)?
• Computers also have a domain name (e.g.
  fernerc.cis.uncw.edu)?
• Domain Name System (DNS) is a collection of
  servers whose responsibility is to convert the
  domain names to IP addresses.
• The original top-level domain names for the
  Internet in the US .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net,
  .org

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Internet Services

• Email one of the oldest and one of the most
  widely used services
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
• Newsgroups electronic bulletin
  boards/discussion groups

• Blogs (WebLogs) just like newsgroups
• Mailing Lists similar to newsgroups except that
  is uses email to distribute messages
• Chat Rooms Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Instant
  Messaging (IM)?

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The World Wide Web

• First created in 1989 (20 years after ARPANET)?
• The Web is just one of many services available on
  the Internet
• A Web browser retrieves files from a remote
  service and displays it

8
The World Wide Web

• The Web uses addresses called URLs (Uniform
  Resource Locator)?

file
directory
protocol
domain name
https//www.amazon.com/gp/css/account/info/view.ht
ml/... ftp//fernerc.uncw.edu/home/cferner file//
My\ Documents/chapter2.ppt mailtocferner_at_uncw.edu
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More WWW stuff

• Search Engine finds web sites that contain
  requested content
• Cookies files left on your machine by the
  browser so web sites can customize themselves
  when you next visit their site
• Plug-ins a program that can extend the
  capabilities of a browser (e.g. Acrobat Reader,
  Flash Player, RealOne Player, Shockwave Player,
  etc.)?

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More WWW stuff

• Spam mass emailings
• Emoticons (Smileys) -
• ) -) ) ( \ 8)
• FAQ Frequently Asked Questions