IRRIGATION AND POWER DEPARTMENTPRE

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• IRRIGATION AND POWER DEPARTMENTPRE
• FLOOD ARRANEGMENTS
• FOR THE FLOOD SEASON 2002
• 18TH JUNE 2002

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IRRIGATION POWER DEPARTMENT BRIEFING TO
PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE WATER SECTOR
DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AND ISSUES January 20,
2004
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM SALIENT FEATURES AND
SETTING
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM SALIENT FEATURES

• Headworks / Barrages 14
• Main Canal Systems 21
• Length of Main Canals and Branches 3993 Miles
• No. of Distributaries and Minors 2794
• Length of Distributaries and Minors 19191 Miles
• Total off-takes Capacity 1,20,000 Cfs
• Gross Command Area 23.35 Ma
• Culturable Command Area 20.78 Ma
• Overall Designed Irrigation Intensity 67

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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM SALIENT FEATURES

• Actual Irrigation 25.50 Ma
• Actual Intensity of Irrigation 122
• Length of Inter-river Links 528 Miles
• Off-take Capacity of Links 1,10,000 Cs.
• SCARP Tube wells 4500
• Private Tube wells 500,000
• Other Operate able Tube wells 1135
• Length of Surface Drains 4900 Miles
• Length of Flood Embankments 1600 Miles
• Small Dams 31

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INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM THE SETTING

• Pakistans Irrigation System is largest
  contiguous gravity flow network in the World
• It serves as lifeline for irrigated agriculture
  in Punjab which provides over 70 of the total
  agricultural production and contributes 25 to
  the GDP
• The climate of Pakistan is arid to semi-arid,
  with annual rainfall of 10 to 15 inches, mainly
  in the monsoon months (July - September)
• River flows are highly fluctuating 70 flows
  occur during 3 monsoon months for remaining
  months flows drop drastically

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INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM THE SETTING

• The reservoir capacity is highly inadequate
  only 14 MAF of the 53 MAF flood flows is
  conserved in Tarbela and Mangla
• As a result of IBT, the Eastern Canals are fed
  through an integrated system of Link Canals
  which transfer Western River waters to the East
• The system was designed for low irrigation
  intensities (60 - 70), which are totally
  outdated in the context of current agricultural
  development (120-150)

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INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM THE SETTING

• The Potohar, Pachad and Cholistan remain
  without irrigation.
• The food and fiber requirements of a growing
  population is placing heavy strain on the
  irrigation infrastructure. In the
• next 50-80 years the population of Punjab may
  grow to 140 million people
• No new storage has been added to the system
  while the capacity of existing storages is
  depleting due to sedimentation. More than 20
  capacity has been lost already
• The irrigation system is over 100 years old and
  inadequate to meet the growing water needs. It
  requires urgent improvements / modernization and
  development of water resources

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INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM THE SETTING

• Industrial growth and urbanization is creating
  harmful and toxic effluents which are flowing
  into our rivers and canals .
• The Punjab fresh water aquifer has dropped from
  10 to 30 feet due to heavy pumping during the
  past 3 drought years. This level of withdrawal
  is not sustainable.
• Due to the population explosion, people are
  intruding into the flood plains and likely to
  face severe damages due to flooding.

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WATER SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
PROJECTS
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VISION
PROVIDE ADEQUATE, EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINED
IRRIGATION TO THE CULTUREABLE LAND OF PUNJAB,
WITHOUT HARMING ITS PRODUCTIVITY, THUS ENSURING
THAT THE FOOD SECURITY OF PUNJAB AND FOOD DEFICIT
OF OTHER PROVINCES IS MET. ENSURE THAT THE
DRINKING WATER RESOURCE IS SUSTAINED.
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Adequate Provision Of Irrigation Water

• As a minimum, provide sufficient water which
  supports cultivation of crops required for food
  security of the growing population.
• Strategies / Directions
• Urgently construct Reservoirs to meet growing
  food needs.
• Develop Canals to compensate for enhanced
  intensities by picking up flood supplies.
• Line Canals for efficient conveyance and to
  prevent wastage.
• Improve Farming Practices
• Laser Land Leveling
• Water course improvement
• Bed planting and zero Tillage
• Drip irrigation for orchards
• Introduce Crop Zoning.

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SUSTAINABILITY OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE
RESOURCE BASE

• To operate and maintain the Irrigation System in
  a manner that irrigation supplies are always
  provided to the cultivable lands of Punjab
• Strategies / Directions
• Sustained Operation
• System Remodeling / Modernization
• Phased Replacement / Modernization of Barrages
  
• Local Water Resource Management for Poverty
  Alleviation.
• OM Budget on realistic yardstick
• Recruitment of essential Staff
• Safe Passage of Floods

Continued
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SUSTAINABILITY OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE
RESOURCE BASE

• To operate and maintain the Irrigation System in
  a manner that pure irrigation supplies are always
  provided to healthy cultivable lands of Punjab
• Quality of Supplies
• Improved Environmental Management.
• Excessive Pumping of the Punjab Aquifer.
• Improved Drainage

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EQUITABLE WATER DISTRIBUTION

• Ensure that in all circumstances specially
  shortage situation, water is shared equitably, by
  large and small farmers alike, as per scientific
  requirements
• Strategies / Directions
• Rationalize Water Allowances on scientific
  requirements
• Improved Regulation and Operation of canals.
• Regular Maintenance and Desiltation of canals.
• Joint Management through Nehri Panchayats.

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Food Security

• Ensure that the basic food needs of the
  population are met, now and in the future
• Strategies / Directions
• Measures to control population required.
• Need for horizontal and vertical growth in
  agriculture.
• Water Resources Projects for Poverty
  Alleviation in Potohar, Pachad and Cholistan

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Proposed Water Sector Projects
(Rs in Billion)
Continued
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Proposed Water Sector Projects
(Rs in Billion)
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Need For New Storages and Their Prioritization
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Indus Waters Apportionment Accord 1991 Need For
New Storages

• Para 6 of water accord as reproduced below
  recognizes and admits the need for future
  storages
• The need for storages where ever feasible on the
  Indus and other rivers was admitted and
  recognized by the participants for planned future
  agricultural development
• Objectives of New Storages
• To replenish the storage capacity of existing
  reservoirs lost due to siltation by 23 by the
  year 2003 and likely to be lost by 33 by the
  year 2020.
• To transfer water from season to season and
  from wet cycle to dry cycle.
• To provide additional storage for future
  agricultural development of the growing
  population
• To meet rapidly growing power demands
• To generate pollution free cheap hydel power
  reducing import of high cost fuel required
  for thermal stations
• To regulate and control flood peaks and avoid
  large scale flood devastation and flood damages

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PRE AND POST INDUS BASIN TREATY CANAL WATER
AVAILABILITY
(MAF)
SOURCE NATIONAL WATER POLICY STUDY
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Progressive Storage Loss in the Major Reservoirs
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(No Transcript)
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POPULATION AND WATER REQUIREMENT PROJECTIONS
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RELEASES BELOW KOTRI (MAF)
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Cost Comparison of Large Dams and Hydropower
Projects

• Price Level December 2003 (1 US Rs. 58)
• 310 Km Up gradation of KKH for transportation
  of huge size EM equipment
• and Relocation of 150 Km KKH is itself a
  mega project and may involve more cost

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Comparison of Large Dams and Hydropower Projects
SALIENT FEATURES
Sr. No.
Description
Kalabagh Dam
Basha Diamer Dam
Akhori Dam
Location U/S to Jinnah Barrage
1
25 Km
502 Km
132 Km
(Farm gate of Major Irrigation System of Pakistan)
2
Main Dam
i. Type
Embankment (ECRF)
R.C.C. Gravity
ECRF
ii. Height
260 Ft.
908 Ft.
418 Ft.
iii. Crest Length
11,000 Ft.
3,500 Ft.
15,000 Ft.
3
Reservoir


i. Gross Storage
7.6 MAF
7.8 MAF
7.2 MAF
ii. Live Storage
5.8 MAF
5.8MAF (Usable)
6.0 MAF
iii. Reservoir Elevation
915 Ft.
3,838 Ft.
1,445 Ft.
Main Spillway
3-Tunnels (Initial stage)
i. Type
Overflow
Ogee Crest
Overflow (Later stage)
ii. Discharge Capacity
1,070,000 cusec
711,600 cusec
150,000 cusec
No need due to very
iii. Orifice Spillway Capacity
980,000 cusec
-
less PMF

To be re-confirmed during Detailed Feasibility
Studies.
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POSITION ON RESERVIORS i) Advocate the
construction of Dams for transferring water
from one season to the other and from a wet
cycle to a dry cycle. ii) Since water
scarcity is going to affect Pakistan badly by
2010, one replacement Dam should be online by
2010. Selection of the Dam should be based on
a) Time Quickest to make b) Cost
Cheapest to construct c) Benefits Irrigation
followed by Power. iii) Choices by priority
are- a) Kalabagh - With Outlets first
priority b) Akhori - Second priority

c) Basha - Third
priority
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Position on Water Accord a. Water Accord of 1991
is sacrosanct and should be implemented in
toto. b. Until the water availability of 114
MAF is not arrived at distribution be carried
out on 1977-82 average uses. Fall back
shortage sharing when availability is above 103
MAF in proportion to availability. c. The
three Studies on releases below Kotri and the
environmental issues be carried out
immediately. d. Reservoirs should be developed
immediately to replace lost capacity and provide
for development to meet the countrys growing
needs. e. Provinces should develop projects to
pick up their flood supplies to cater to
enhanced intensities. f. Water should be shared
equitably by all Farmers of Pakistan and no
Farmer should enjoy undue and luxurious share in
irrigation supply due to excessive and
unscientific water allowances. g. IRSA should
take note of water use through ungated systems
being used for agriculture and account in that
particular Provinces Account.
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Tube Wells Status Plans a. Massive
installation of Tube Wells by Punjab Farmers,
approximately 600,000, during the drought period
has led to serious depletion of the Punjab
aquifer by 10- 30 feet. b. Use of marginal
quality ground water is jeopardizing the
sustainability of agriculture c. The cost of
water supply by Tube wells is ten times the cost
of canal water d. Lack of water flow in Sutlej
and Ravi Rivers is leading to sharp drop in
aquifer with no recharge. Need to route flood
flows in these Rivers during floods. e. Lack
of water in Chenab Jehlum for 9 months of the
year resulting in poor recharge of adjoining
aquifer. f. Excessive pumping and heavy drawing
down of the sweet water aquifer is leading to
saline water intrusion. g. Punjab needs to
study the aquifer recharge and control the
installation and use of Tubewells to a
sustainable level.
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THANKS