Cells

1
Cells

• 2006

2
Directions

• 1. Head a piece of notebook paper
• 2. Decide what type of organization your notes
  will have (2-column, highlighted, etc.) YOUR
  NOTES MUST HAVE ORGANIZATION OR YOU WILL HAVE TO
  REDO THEM
• 3. Whenever you see this symbol,
• put the info next to it in your notes
• in your own words
• 4. Whenever you see this symbol,
• locate the section of your cell
• diagram and properly label it
• 5. Do not go onto the next slide until you see
  this

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3
Cells are classified as either prokaryotes or
eukaryotes.

• Eukaryote an organism whose cell contains a
  nucleus

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4
Prokaryotes

• Prokaryote an organism whose cell lacks a
  nucleus

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5
Animal Cells are Eukaryotes
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Parts of the Cell

• Cell Membrane a thin layer of protein and fat
  that surrounds the cell
• Function of the cell membrane - Like a gate
  keeper, it allows some substances to pass into
  the cell and blocks others

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To The Cell
7
Cell Membrane
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8
Cells Use Diffusion and Osmosis To Gain Nutrients

• Diffusion - the tendency of molecules to spread
  into an available space
• Osmosis process cells use
• when liquid solutions diffuse across the
  membrane
• from a less concentrated to a more concentrated
  solution

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Osmosis

• In this diagram, notice that the solution on the
• left has a higher concentration of water than the
• one on the right. So...water crosses the
• membrane, diffusing into the solution containing
• the sugar
• molecules

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10
Parts of a Cell Cont.

• Nucleus sphere shaped center of the
  cell
• Function of the nucleus control center
  of the cell
• Nuclear Membrane- surrounds the nucleus
• Function of the nuclear membrane similar to the
  cell membrane, it acts as a gatekeeper allowing
  only certain things to pass in and out of the
  nucleus
• Nucleolus Dark area within the central part of
  the nucleus
• Function of the nucleolus Makes the
  ribosomes for the cell

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11
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
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Parts of a Cell Cont.

• Cytoplasm the jellylike
• material outside the
• nucleus
• Function of cytoplasm helps keep
  the cells shape and holds the organelles
• Organelles is the general name given to the
  parts of a cell, much like your body has organs

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Ewww, squishy!!!
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13
Cytoplasm
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Parts of a Cell Cont.

• Ribosomes small organelles found in the cell
  and on the endoplasmic reticulum
• Function of ribosomes - make proteins for the
  cell
• Lysosomes organelles that hold enzymes (like
  your stomach holds stomach acid)
• Function of lysosomes - they combine with food
  particles that come into the cell to help digest
  it

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15
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
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Parts of a Cell Cont.

• Mitochondria the oval-shaped organelles found
  inside the cell
• Function of the mitochondria - referred to as
  the cells powerhouse They help break down
  food molecules into usable energy for the cell

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Mitochondria
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More Cell Parts

• Endoplasmic Reticulum large, folded membranes
  in the cell
• Function of the endoplasmic reticulum - helps to
  transport proteins for the cell and is also the
  site of lipid production
• Lipids are fats which cells need for building
  material

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19
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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20
Plant Cells are Classified as Eukaryotes (have a
nucleus)
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21
Whats the Difference?

• Plant cells have all of the parts we
• have mentioned making them similar to
• animal cells except...
• Though there are some exceptions, plant
  cells have 3 different parts that animal
  cells dont
• 1. Cell Wall
• 2. Vacuole
• 3. Chloroplast

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Plant Cell Parts Similar to Animal Cell Parts
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Parts of a Plant Cell

• Cell Wall surrounds the cell membrane
• Function of the cell wall - to help protect the
  cell from the environment and maintain the
  plants shape
• Its like putting a water
  balloon inside a box
• You have a skeleton to hold you up
  but a 70-foot tall palm tree does not. It
  uses the cell walls to maintain its shape

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24
Cell Wall
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Parts of a Plant Cell

• Chloroplasts look a bit like
  green jelly beans
• Function of chloroplasts - where
  the food is made (photosynthesis takes
  place)
• Vacuole a large, sack-like storage area
• Function of the vacuole - stores water, waste,
  and food

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26
Vacuole
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Chloroplasts
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Quick Quiz!!!

• Directions
• Write down the slide number.
• Write down your guess (animal cell or plant
  cell).
• After you check your answer, be sure to write
  down the correct answer if you did not have it.
• Write where the cells came from (human, dog,
  tomato, etc.).

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Slide 1 Identify That Cell!!!

• Are they animal or plant cells?

PLANT
Click to check your answer
The cells of an onion!
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Slide 2 Identify That Cell!!!
ANIMAL

• Are they animal or plant cells?

Click to check your answer
The cells of a human!
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Slide 3 Identify That Cell!!!
ANIMAL

• Are they animal or plant cells?

Click to check your answer
The cells of a dinosaur bone!
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Slide 4 Identify That Cell!!!

• Are they animal or plant cells?

PLANT
Click to check your answer
The cells of a cork! (comes from the cork tree)
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32

• The presentation is over.
• Place your notes in your binder.
• You may add color to your diagrams if you would
  like.
• Place the diagrams in your binder as well.

The End!