CRITICAL ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE

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CRITICAL ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE

• TAN SRI ROZALI ISMAIL
• PUNCAK NIAGA HOLDINGS BERHAD

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CONTENTS

• PART 1 OVERVIEW OF THE WATER INDUSTRY IN
  MALAYSIA
• PART 2 CONTAMINATION OF RAW WATER RESOURCES
• PART 3 NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED
  ENFORCEMENT
• PART 4 INCREASING DEMAND FOR WATER
• PART 5 TACKLING THE PROBLEM
• PART 6 THE WAY FORWARD

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PART 1 OVERVIEW OF WATER INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA
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Overview of Water Industry

• Water Reform since 2004
• Industry under purview of the Ministry of Energy,
  Water and Telecommunications since 2004
• Bills for Water Services Industry Act (WSIA) and
  National Water Services Commission Act
  (Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara, SPAN) were
  gazetted on 20th July 2006
• Effective Dates
• SPAN Act 1st February 2007
• Tan Sri Zaini Omar as Chairman
• Mr. Teo Yen Hua as CEO
• WSIA 1st July 2007

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Overview of Water Resources

• Mean Average Rainfall in Malaysia
• Peninsular Malaysia 2,400mm
• Sabah 2,360mm
• Sarawak 3,830mm
• Total 990 billion m3 rainfall annually
• Surface Runoff 566 billion m3 (58)
• Groundwater Recharge 64
  billion m3 (6)
• Evapotranspiration
  360 billion m3 (36)

Water Cycle
Source National Water Resources Study conducted
by JICA, 1982
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Newspaper Clippings
Source The Star (15 Feb 2007)
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Newspaper Clippings (contd)
Source The Star (15 Feb 2007)
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PART 2 POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES
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Pollution of Water Resources

• Of the 146 river basins monitored by the DOE in
  2005, 80 river basins (54.7) are categorised as
  clean, 51 (34.9) slightly polluted and 15
  (10.3) polluted
• Compared to 2004, the of polluted rivers
  recorded increased from 7.5 to 10.3

Source Environmental Quality Report 2005
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WQI Trending of River Basins from 1990 to 2005
Source Environmental Quality Report 2005
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Comparison of Polluted River Basins in 2004 2005
Source Environmental Quality Report 2005
Not monitored in 2004. New stations introduced
in 2005.
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Pollution of Water Resources (contd)

• River basins are affected by three major
  pollution sources
• High Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Content
• 19 of river basins are polluted due to high BOD
• Mainly from untreated or partially treated
  sewage, agro-based discharges and manufacturing
  industries discharges
• High Ammoniacal Nitrogen Content
• 29 due to high Ammoniacal Nitrogen content
• Mainly from sewage which include livestock
  farming and domestic sewage
• High Suspended Solids
• 15 due to high suspended solids
• Mainly from earthworks and land clearing
  activities

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Pollution of Water Resources (contd)
Source Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd
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Shutdown Statistics
Source Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd
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Shutdown - High Ammoniacal Nitrogen Load
A sewage treatment plant at Dengkil, Kuala Langat
was found discharging blackish effluent with
excessive ammonia content, resulting in pollution
of nearby Langat River and shutdown of Bukit
Tampoi WTP in mid February 2007.
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Pollution News
Source Utusan Malaysia (13 Jan 2006)
Source Utusan Malaysia (15 Feb 2007)
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Source Utusan Malaysia (7 Feb 2007)
Source Utusan Malaysia (14 Feb 2007)
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Sungai Selangor, Selangor
(Source Utusan Malaysia, July 21, 2005)
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Sungai Selangor, Selangor
(Source STAR, March 20, 2006)
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Sungai Selangor, Selangor
(Source New Straits Times, March 19, 2006)
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Sungai Gombak
(Source METRO, May 22, 2006)
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Sungai Gombak
(Source Berita Harian, April 23, 2006)
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Sungai Langat, Selangor
(Source STAR, March 28, 2006)
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Sungai Langat, Selangor
(Source New Straits Times, June 22, 2006)
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Sungai Pangsun, Selangor
(Source New Straits Times, May 22, 2006)
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Sungai Chembong, Selangor
(Source Utusan Malaysia, April 18, 2006)
(Sour
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Sungai Penchala, Kuala Lumpur
(Source Malay Mail, November 20, 2005)
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Sungai Juru, Penang
(Source New Straits Times, May 18, 2006)
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Sungai Perling, Johor
(Source STAR, May 29, 2006)
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Sungai Padang Terap, Kedah
(Source Berita Harian, May 25, 2006)
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Sungai Muda, Kedah
(Source STAR, March 26, 2006)
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Sungai Sara, Perak
(Source STAR, June 26, 2006)
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PART 3 INCREASING DEMAND FOR WATER
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Increasing Demand for Water

• According to the National Water Resources Study,
  20002050, the domestic and industrial water
  consumption of about 0.8 billion cubic metres in
  1980 grew to 3.1 billion cubic metres in 1998 and
  rose to 3.83 billion cubic metres by the year
  2001.
• Irrigation areas were expanded from 329,000
  hectares in 1980 to 545,000 hectares in year
  2000, resulting in irrigation water demand to
  increase from 7.4 billion cubic metres in 1980 to
  10.4 billion cubic metres in 2000.
• Malaysia will see an estimated total population
  of 28.96 million people by 2010, based on an
  average growth rate of 1.6 per annum. Water
  demand for domestic and industrial consumption is
  projected to increase at an average rate of 6.6
  per annum to 16,271 MLD in 2010 (200511,806
  MLD). Demand for the State of Selangor, Kuala
  Lumpur and Putrajaya is projected to be at 5,000
  MLD.

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Demand against Quantity Available
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Increasing Demand for Water (contd)

• Puncak Niaga Study in 2006 indicates that, of the
  total of 23 rivers for 28 WTPs in the State of
  Selangor
• 3 rivers were polluted rivers
• 12 rivers were slightly polluted rivers, and
• 8 rivers were categorized as clean rivers.
• It means that only 35 of the rivers in this
  state were clean rivers, suitable for raw water
  intakes.
• This places additional stress on the WTPs to
  provide safe drinking water to the consumers
  during drought periods.

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Increasing Demand for Water (contd)

• PNHB estimated that at least 10 new WTPs should
  be constructed in order to meet the growing
  demand for safe drinking water.
• In addition to depleting sources of raw water,
  loss of water during distribution was also
  another reason for inequality of supply and
  demand.

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Increasing Demand for Water (contd)

• The Government of Malaysia has outlined measures
  under the 9MP for the efficiency i.e. Non-Revenue
  Water (NRW) and capacity of water supply which
  include the followings
• Strict enforcement against water theft
• Pipe and meter replacements
• Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping
  of distribution networks
• Rehabilitation of distribution systems
• Upgrading of existing water treatment plants
  (WTP), and
• Construction of new dams, water intakes, WTPs,
  distribution systems and operation centres.

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PART 4 NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED ENFORCEMENT
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Need for a More Integrated Enforcement

• With the formation of Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan
  Air Negara (SPAN), the grey areas in water
  resources management is expected to be resolved
  by addressing problems in lack of effective
  enforcement, poor coordination, overlapping
  roles, and difference in priorities and needs
  among the various departments and agencies

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Need for a More Integrated Enforcement (contd)

• Sectoral responsibilities have overlapping
  responsibilities with no clear demarcation of
  jurisdiction
• For instance, Sungai Selisek WTP had to shutdown
  its operation for 18 hours in February 2007 due
  to diesel spillage into Sungai Bernam (state
  border between Selangor and Perak), where
  investigations determined that the pollutant was
  originated from a sand mining activity located on
  a riverbank in Perak State. Hence, pollution
  incident had to be informed to all the relevant
  Authorities i.e. DOE (Perak and Selangor), LUAS
  and respective Land Offices.

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Need for a More Integrated Enforcement (contd)

• The Selangor State Government has set up its
  Selangor Water Management Board (Lembaga Urus Air
  Selangor LUAS) to manage the States rivers and
  water resources, but the neighbouring states like
  Perak and Negeri Sembilan do not incorporate a
  similar agency.
• An agency like LUAS is needed to act as the
  central authority overseeing all matters
  pertaining to enforcement, conservation and
  management of water resources.

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Need for a More Integrated Enforcement (contd)
Leaking of diesel from a sand mining activity in
Perak State had caused pollution of Bernam River
in February 2007, resulting in shutdown of Sg.
Selisek WTP located in Selangor for 18 hours and
had affected treated water supply to the consumer.
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Need for a More Integrated Enforcement (contd)
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PART 5 TACKLING THE PROLEM Steps Taken by
Puncak Niaga
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TACKLING THE PROLEM Steps Taken by Puncak Niaga

• In view of the rising river water contamination
  cases, PNSB has undertaken several measures
• Introduction of New Technology
• Research and Development Projects
• Establish Operating Procedures Quality
  Management System
• Establish the Water Resources and Environmental
  Surveillance Department
• Establish the Central Laboratory Section
• Social Awareness and Educational Programmes

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a. Introduction of New Technology

• PNSB has always aimed for modernisation through
  installation of new technology
• Actiflo System at the Sg Selangor Phase 2 WTP
  which has a designed capacity of 950 MLD
• DAF System at Wangsa Maju WTP which was built in
  a record 6 months during the height of the water
  crisis in 1998

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b. Research and Development Projects

• PNSB places great emphasis on RD and is planning
  for a new RD office at Bukit Nanas WTP location
• Amongst the RD projects carried out are
• Trial run of new polymer at SSP2 WTP
• Study on effective removal of manganese
• Membrane filtration system
• Ammonia removal study

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b. Research and Development Projects (contd)

• Other process improvement works involving
  fine-tuning and trouble shooting of plant
  operational problems

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c. Establish Operational Procedures and Quality
Management System

• 10 major WTPs and 3 Regional Offices have
  obtained ISO certification
• SSP2 the first WTP to obtain the Integrated
  Management System which covers
• ISO 9001 2000 (Quality Management System)
• ISO 14001 1996 (Environmental Management
  System)
• OHSAS 180011999 (Safety Health Management
  System)
• ISO-IEC 17025 (Malaysian Laboratory Accreditation
  Scheme)

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d. Establish the Water Resources and
Environmental Surveillance Department

• PNSB realised need to establish the WRES
  Department
• Programmes carried out include
• Environmental Impact Studies
• WQI Programme
• Environmental Investigation
• Sanitary Survey Programme
• River Warning Monitoring Stations (RWMS), and

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i. Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

• Annual program conducted by studying the impact
  of environmental development towards the raw
  water resources and their corresponding quality
• EIS will cover a number of WTPs within the same
  watershed area, which may contain several
  resources and tributaries upstream. The coverage
  of EIS includes violation records, pollution
  identification, field assessment, overall mapping
  of the catchment use and land-use control
  policies.
• Six EIS are conducted annually for the six water
  catchments areas supplying water to 28 WTPs
  operated by PNSB. The areas are Sg. Langat, Sg.
  Kelang, Sg. Buloh, Sg. Selangor, Sg. Bernam and
  Sg. Tengi catchments.

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ii. Water Quality Index Programme

• The DOE initiated the WQI.
• Value is computed from six parameters such as
  Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
  Chemical Oxygen Demand, Ammoniacal Nitrogen,
  Suspended Solids and pH
• Allows determination of the cleanliness and
  availability of water usage for water supply,
  aquaculture and irrigation purposes
• At PNSB, WQI conducted on monthly basis for all
  WTPs, including during the wet and dry seasons.
• The aim is to determine and to update the raw
  quality status at each intake of all WTPs based
  on computation of the WQI at each location.

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iii. Environmental Investigation

• Conducted when
• WTP shutdowns or operational interruption due to
  raw water violations
• Need to evaluate and highlight pollution risk and
  impact on the WTP and dam operations.
• As soon as the sources are identified, the DOE,
  LUAS and MOH will be informed for their further
  action.
• In 2006, a total of 22 investigations were
  conducted due to various issues.

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iv. Sanitary Survey

• To monitor the raw water quality with respect to
  selected WTP.
• The objectives are
• To evaluate the risk of potential contamination
  of the raw water within catchments that will
  affect water quality of a particular WTP
• To provide general idea about potential sources
  of contamination in environmental investigation
  during a shut down.
• To access efficiency of water treatment process
  corresponding to the raw water components before
  the treated water distribution.

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Sungai Selangor Catchment Area Risk Map
Sg. Kerling
Sg. Link
Empangan Sg. Selangor
Sg. Belata
Sg. Geraci
Sg. Keramat
Sg. Sengam
Empangan Sg. Tinggi
Sg. Putih
Sg. Meranti
Sg. Terung
Sg. Kedah
Sg. Keriang Kecil
Sg. Sabal
Sg. Kul
Sg. Jernih
Sg. Jong
Sg. Kajang
Sg. Buloh
1
HULU SELANGOR
Sg. Luit
Sg. Beletak
Sg. Gunggur
Sg. Ledang
Sg. Rinting
Sg. Sangkar
Sg. Merbau
Sg. Kempes
Sg. Beruang
Sg. Kiul
Sg. Reming
Sg. Bangkal
Sg. Dungun
Sg. Selangor
Bukit Tagar Land Fill Area
Sg. Hijau
Sg. Kayu Ara
Sg. Senama
7
Sg. Tamu
2
Sg. Liam
Sg. Air Hitam
Sg. Batang Kali
Sg. Kedondong
Cow Slaughtering
Sg. Kalung
Sg. Kelubi
5
Sg. Mengkuang
KUALA SELANGOR
3
Sg. Darah
Sg. Sendal
Sg. Buaya
Sg. Pacana
3
Sg. Gopis
Sg. Guntung
6
Serendah Industrial Area
Sg. Sembah
Sg. Selangor
Sg. Serendah
Tip Top Meat
Sg. Garing
Sg. Duriap
Sg. Gurup
Sg. Gul
Sg. Selaru
4
GOMBAK
Sg. Gong
Sg. Rawang
Sg. Rangkap
Rawang Industrial Area
Selat Melaka
Sg. Serai
Sg. Kundang
Kundang Landfill
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(No Transcript)
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v. River Warning Monitoring Station (RWMS)

• Constant monitoring on the raw water (river)
  quality to ensure that the water produced by the
  WTPs is safe and of high quality.
• Currently, the Company operated and maintains two
  (2) river warning monitoring stations at Sungai
  Langat and Sungai Selangor, to provide early
  warning of possible raw water quality violations.
• In addition, our toll-free river watch telephone
  hotline [phone]) enables the public to
  inform us of pollution incidence.

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e. Establish the Central Laboratory Section

• To conduct both raw and treated water quality
  assessments
• Stringent assessment
• Hourly analysis at the WTP by operators
• Continuous monitoring by on-line analysers
• Daily microbiological testing
• Weekly and monthly analysis by Central Lab
• Weekly assessment by MOH SYABAS
• Monthly assessment by external accredited
  laboratory
• Weekly monthly laboratory assessments

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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation

• River Rescue Brigade (Bridget Penyelamat Sungai,
  BPS)
• Objective is to create awareness and knowledge to
  school children on the importance of clean rivers
  towards our environment and water supply.
• A total of 18 programmes have been implemented
  since 1998 until 2006. The club managed to
  recruit 1,935 members, from 80 schools in
  Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and
  Putrajaya. The company spent RM 2 millions for
  the project to date.

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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation (contd)

• River Brigade Programme held at SSP2 on 9 March
  2007

Launching by YB. Dato' Haji Noh bin Haji Omar
Performance by school children
Didi - Mascot for River Rescue Brigade
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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation (contd)

• Outreach Program (Turun Ke Padang, TKP)
• Explanations will be given about the function of
  WTP and dams, the current technology of water
  treatment, problems of water treatment and
  activities conducted by the company to improve
  the quality of drinking water to schools.
• In 2006, a total number 20 schools have been
  selected and the number is expected to increase
  in the following years.

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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation (contd)

• The 72th Outreach Programme at S.k. Bukit Tinggi,
  Kelang on 20/06/06

Analysis of water quality by school children
Group photo of participants
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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation (contd)

• Factory Visits
• To highlight the impact of pollution and the need
  to preserve our water resources
• The Company has successfully held 4 campaigns in
  2006.
• The visited factories are
• Sime Coatings (manufacturer of paints / solvents)
  at Bukit Raja
• Baba Products (food industry) at Selayang
• Chung Hwa Picture Tube (TV component
  manufacturer) at Shah Alam
• Malaysia Milk / Vitagen (drinks and yogurts
  production) at PJ
• In 2007, joint event was made with SYABAS to
  Yokohama Battery Industries located at Semenyih.

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f. Public Awareness on Environmental Protection
and Conservation (contd)

• Factory Visit to Baba Product (M) Sdn. Bhd. on
  14/06/06

3
1
Group photo
Exchange of gifts
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PART F WAY FORWARD
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WAY FORWARD WORKING TOGETHER

• Protection of environment and water resources is
  a huge task and requires greater efforts from
  various parties.
• The Government cannot work alone as huge amount
  of monies will be required for educating the
  public.
• Puncak Niaga cares and fully understands the
  Governments limitations in this critical issue.
  Puncak Niaga spends large amount of monies in
  educating the public on the importance of
  conserving the rivers and environment. In
  addition, a huge amount of monies has been spent
  in treatment and maintenance costs due to river
  pollution.

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WAY FORWARD WORKING TOGETHER (contd)

• The issues of contamination of water resources
  should be viewed from the whole chain of river
  system, water intake and catchments. The cost of
  treating heavily polluted water would be higher
  than the cost of preventing rivers from being
  polluted, and kudos to the Government for acting
  on this urgently.

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THANK YOU