NonGovernmental Organizations

1
Non-Governmental Organizations

• Filling in Globalizations Gaps

2
What is an NGO?

• Non-governmental organizations are established to
  provide services that state governments cannot
  or will not provide.

3
What is an NGO?

• In order to be an NGO, such an organization is
  (usually) not associated with any particular
  government.
• There are certain exceptions.

4
How many NGOs are there?

• It is estimated that there are about 40,000
  international NGOs.
• Individual states may have hundreds of thousands,
  or even millions, of NGOs operating within their
  borders.

5
Some Examples by State

• USA About 2,000,000 NGOs
• India Between one and two million
• Russia 400,000 NGOs

6
What do NGOs Do?

• Three levels of developmental assistance
• Relief and Welfare
• Distribution of food, shelter, health services
• Self-sufficiency
• The capacity to develop and pursue development on
  a self-reliant basis
• Sustainable Developement
• The capacity to continue development while
  maintaining current standards of living into the
  future

7
Why do NGOs do this?

• Usually out of humanitarian need.
• Because states in which these conditions prevail
  cannot, or will not, do anything about it.

8
Examples of NGOs

• The International Federation of Red Cross and Red
  Crescent Societies (IFRC)
• Founded in 1919
• Currently 185 National Societies

9
Examples of NGOs

• Oxfam International established in 1972
• Humanitarian and environmental issues, including
  trade justice, education, health, gender issues,
  and climate change

10
Examples of NGOs

• A group designed to apply pressure on states who
  are in violation of internationally recognized
  human rights
• Founded in 1961

• Amnesty International

11
Types of NGOs

• INGO International NGO
• BINGO Business-oriented NGO
• ENGO Environmental NGO
• GONGO Government-operated to look like an NGO
• QUANGO Quasi-autonomous representational group

12
Methodology

• Public Relations, including activism (e.g.
  Greenpeace)
• Consulting (e.g. the World Wildlife Fund)
• Project Management (e.g. Cooperative Assistance
  for Relief Everywhere CARE)

13
Advantages of NGOs

• May include members from many states
• Not answerable to any state agenda or authority
• Highly influential
• Can focus on single areas of interest

14
Disadvantages of NGOs

• Usually not legal entities
• Not usually recognized in the global (state-led)
  arena
• No power of enforcement
• Reliant upon donations to function