Health Education

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Health Education Li Xiaohan School of
Nursing China Medical University
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Health Education
1. Introduction to health education 2.
Behaviors relevant to health 3. Teaching methods
and cautions
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Introduction to health education
(1) Definition of health education (2) Purpose
and tasks of health education (3) Principles of
health education (4) Process of health
education (5) The roles and functions of nurses
in the health education
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Definition of health education
Health education is a systematic social
educational activity which has plan,
organization, and evaluation. It spreads the
knowledge related to health care to people. It
assists people to understand themselves heath
status, recognize the factors harming health. It
makes people change their ill life habits and
behaviors, and adopt the behaviors and life
styles conducive to health actively, and reduce
and eliminate the health risk factors in order to
prevent illness, promote health and increase the
quality of life.
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Purpose and tasks of health education
(a) Purpose of health education
(b) Tasks of health education
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Purpose of health education

• To teach the clients to build up a correct
  awareness on health

• To change the clients ill (unhealthy) life
  habits

• To nurture well (healthy) behaviors and life style

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• To reduce or eliminate health risk factors

• To prevent illness, promote health and enhance
  the health level of whole nationality

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Tasks of health education

• To assist the clients to build up a
• feeling of responsibility on preventing
• illness and maintaining oneself health
• status

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• To create an environment that helps to
  individuals behavior change to promote the
  individual to adopt the advisable decision-making
  and select the behaviors that help to health.

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• To instruct the client to master the knowledge
  related to the care of illness and healing in
  order to enhance the abilities of self -health
  care and self-care. In this way, the client will
  become a healthy person and a person with high
  quality of life.

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Principles of health education

• Principle of meeting patients needs
• first.

(2) Principle of implementing teaching
individually
(3) Principle of practicality
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(4) Principle of realism of objective
(5) Principle of participation of clients and
their family members
(6) Principle of teaching and learning step by
step
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(7) Principle of teaching by stages
(8) Principle of intuition
(9) Principle of popularization
(10) Principle of prompting
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Process of health education
(A) To assess the patients learning needs
(B) To establish the teaching and learning
objectives
(C) To constitute the teaching plan
(D) To implement the teaching plan
(E) To evaluate the teaching and learning
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To assess the patients learning needs
To assess leaning ability
To assess psychological status
To assess social-cultural background
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To assess leaning attitude
To assess prevenient learning experiences
To assess learning preparation
To assess the learning needs
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To establish the behavior objectives
(A) The classification and statement of teaching
and learning objectives
(B) The functions of teaching and learning
objectives
(C) The principles of establishing the teaching
and learning objectives
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The classification and statement of teaching and
learning objectives
Teaching objectives
Learning objectives
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Teaching objectives

• Teaching objectives for the patients at the
  entrance to hospital

• Teaching objectives for the pre-
• operational patients

• Teaching objectives for the post-
• operational patients

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Teaching objectives

• Teaching objectives for the hospitalized patients

• Teaching objectives for the patients with special
  examinations and treatments

• Teaching objectives for the patients who will be
  discharged from the hospital

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Learning objectives

• Objectives in cognitive domain

• Objectives in affective domain

• Objectives in psychomotor domain

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The functions of teaching and learning
objectives
The function of teaching objectives
The function of learning objectives
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The functions of teaching objectives
(a) To make the nurse identify what is the aim
that the teaching wish to achieve and what is the
content that the nurse should teach
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(b) To instruct the nurse to assess patients
learning needs according to the teaching
objectives
(c) To point out the direction for the nurse to
assist the patient to establish the learning
objectives
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(d) To instruct the nurse to select adequate
teaching content and teaching methods
(e) To provide a base for the nurse to evaluate
the learning outcomes of the patients
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The functions of learning objectives
(a) To assist the patients to identify the
content that they need to learn and master in the
period of hospitalization, and let the patients
and their family members to make preparations in
psychological aspect for learning.
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(b) To make the patients understand the aims that
the learning need to reach, and the benefits from
the aims to their health in order that the nurse
may spirit up the patients and their family
members to take part in the learning activities
actively.
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(c) To contribute to assist the nurse and patient
to judge whether they have achieved the
objectives through the teaching and learning
activities.
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The principles of establishing the teaching and
learning objectives

• The principles of establishing the teaching
  objectives

• The principles of establishing the learning
  objectives

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The principles of establishing the teaching
objectives
Principle of teaching by stages
Principle of objectivity
Principle of consistency
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The principles of establishing the learning
objectives
Principle of realistic thought
Principle of identity
Principle of synthesis
Principle of being able to measured
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To constitute the teaching plan

• The structure of the plan for
• health education

(b) Teaching content
(c) Cautions on selecting teaching content
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The structure of the plan for health education

• Teaching objectives
• Learning objectives
• Teaching content
• Teaching methods
• Evaluation of teaching and learning

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Teaching content
1) General healthful knowledge
2) Knowledge of the prevention and treatment of
illness
3) Knowledge of various examinations and
treatments
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4) Knowledge of administering reasonable
medication
5) Knowledge of mental health
6) Knowledge of seeing a physician
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7) Knowledge of behavior instruction and training
conducive to health
8) Knowledge of teaching on each disease
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Cautions on selecting teaching content
1) The content, or what is to be taught, is
determined by learning objectives. Nurses can
select among many sources of information
including books, nursing journals and other
nurses and physicians.
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Whatever sources the nurse chooses, content
should be
Accurate Current Based on learning objectives
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2) Adjusted for the learners age, culture, and
ability
3) Consistent with information the nurse is
teaching
4) Selected with consideration of how much time
and what resources are available for teaching
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To implement the teaching plan

• Guidelines for teaching
• Influencing factors on patients
• learning

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Guidelines for teaching
1) The optimal time for each session depends
largely on the learner.
2) The pace of each teaching session also affects
learning.
3) An environment can detract from or assist
learning
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4) Teaching aids can foster learning and help
focus a learners attention.
5) Learning is more effective when the learners
discover the content for themselves.
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Ways to increase learning include stimulating
motivation and stimulating self-direction

• By providing specific, realistic, achievable
  objectives
• By giving feedback
• By helping the learner derive satisfaction from
  learning

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6) Repetition reinforces learning
Ways of repeating and clarifying content

• Summarizing content
• Rephrasing------using other words
• Approaching the material from
• another point of view

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7) It is helpful to employ organizers to
introduce material to be learned
8) Using a laypersons vocabulary enhances
communication
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Influencing factors on patients learning

• Factors related to the educator (nurse)
• Factors related to the learner (client)

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Factors related to the educator (nurse)

• Awareness on client teaching
• Knowledge and skills on client teaching
• Communication techniques
• Interpersonal relationship

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Factors related to the learner (client)
Factors facilitating learning
Factors inhibiting learning
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Factors facilitating learning
1) Motivation 2) Readiness 3) Active
involvement 4) Relevance
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5) Nonjudgmental support 6) Simple to complex 7)
Timing 8) Environment 9) Feedback
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   Factors inhibiting learning
1) Emotions 2) Physiologic events 3) Cultural
barriers 4) Psychomotor ability
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To evaluate the teaching and learning
1)Evaluating teaching 2)Evaluating
learning 3)Evaluating the quality of health
education
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Evaluating teaching

• Evaluation of learning needs
• Evaluation of the teaching and
• learning objectives
• Evaluation of the teaching content
• Evaluation of the teaching methods
• (strategies)

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Evaluating learning

• Knowledge essential for changing
• behavior
• Attitude precondition for changing
• behavior
• Behavior predetermined outcome of
• health education

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Evaluating the quality of health education

• The rate of popularization
• The rate of eligibility
• The decrease of complications

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• The shortened period of
• hospitalization
• The effect of treatment
• The economic benefits

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The roles and functions of nurses in the health
education
(1) To provide much information related to health
to the client
(2) To assist the client to recognize the factors
influencing health
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(3) To assist the client to identity the actual
and potential health problems
(4) To instruct the client to adopt healthy
behavior
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Behavior relevant to health

• Introduction of behavior
• Behavior relevant to health
• Model of changing behaviors relevant to health
• 4. Intervention and modification of behavior
  relevant to health

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Introduction of behavior
(1) Concept of behavior (2) Classification of
behavior (3) Behavior and health
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Concept of behavior
1) Definition of behavior
2) Representation of behavior
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Definition of behavior
A behavior is a reaction of human being and other
animals to internal and external stimulus that
work on them.
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A behavior is a reaction of organisms in
physiological and psychological dimensions when
they are in the face of the changes of internal
and external environment.
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Representation of behavior
Stimulus ? Organism ? Reaction
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Classification of behavior
1) Instinctive behaviors
2) Social behaviors
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Instinctive behaviors

• Feeding behavior
• Sleep behavior
• Sexual behavior
• Attack and self-protective behavior
• Exploration behavior
• Stimulation-Seeking behavior

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Social behaviors

• Social role behavior
• Occupational skills
• Entertainment behavior

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Behavior and health

• Well behavior can promote health
• Ill behavior can harm health

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Behavior relevant to health
(1) Healthy behavior (2) Behavior relevant to
health
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Healthy behavior
1) Definition of healthy behavior
2) Classification of healthy behavior
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Definition of healthy behavior
The healthy behavior is a behavior performance
when a individual is on a well state in
physiological, psychological and social aspects.
(e.g. to receive examinations related to health
vaccination)
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Classification of healthy behavior
Group healthy behavior Individual healthy
behavior
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Behavior relevant to health
1) Definition 2) Classification
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Definition of behavior relevant to health
It is the behavior of individual or group, which
is relevant to health and illness.
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Classification of behavior relevant to health
Health-promoted behavior Health-risky behavior
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Health-promoted behavior
Definition of health-promoted behavior Types of
health-promoted behavior
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Definition of health-promoted behavior
It is a group of behaviors, which behaved by the
individual or colony and it is favorable to the
health of himself and other people objectively.
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Types of health-promoted behavior

• Preventive and protective behaviors
• Suffering behaviors
• Disease role behavior

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Preventive and protective behaviors

• Daily healthy behavior
• Health care behavior
• Behavior that avoiding harmful
• environment
• Behavior that refraining from ill habit
• Presentiment behavior

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Suffering behaviors

• To see a physician actively
• To provide their history and symptoms in truth
• To cooperate cure and care actively
• To maintain a optimistic and antrorse emotion

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Disease role behavior

• Compliant behavior
• Patient role behavior

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Health-risky behavior
Definition Classification
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Definition of healthy-risky behavior
It is a group of behaviors, which behaved by
the individual and colony in the direction of
deflecting from the expectation of individual,
other people and the society.
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Classification of health-risky behaviors

• Daily health-risky behaviors
• Behavior model which produces disease
• Ill disease behaviors

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Daily health-risky behaviors

• Smoking
• Alcoholism (Drink too much)
• Drug abuse
• Sexual disorder

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Behavior model of producing disease

• Type A behavior easy to suffer from coronary
  heart disease
• Type C behavior easy to suffer from tumor

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Ill disease behaviors

• Keep from disease
• Fear
• Abandonment
• Leading role behaviors
• Lack of role behaviors
• Psychological conflict of role
• Pessimism and despair
• Superstition behavior

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Changing model of behavior relevant to health
(1) KABP model (2) HBM model
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KABP model

• Meaning
• K Knowledge
• A Attitude
• B Belief
• P Practice

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Methods that promote attitude changing

• To enhance the authority and
• transmit efficiency of information
• 2) To advise others by using one's own
  experience

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3) To strengthen behavioral interventions 4) To
use the stage theory of attitude change
obedience, assimilation, and internalization
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Health Belief Model
1) The development of HBM 2) Components of HBM 3)
Steps
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Components of HBM

• Health belief
• Cue to action
• Modifying factor

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Health belief
a) How to look on health and disease
b) How to cognize the degree of severity and
susceptibility of disease
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3) How to understand the effect after
adopting preventive interventions and the
obstacle that one may encounter while
adopting interventions
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Ones health belief is restricted by follow four
cognitive degrees
Cognition to the susceptibility of disease
Cognition to the degree of severity of disease
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Cognition to the effect brought by preventive
interventions
Cognition to the obstacle of preventive
interventions
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Cue to action
The promoting factors that bring a person to
adopt preventive interventions
Disseminate of public transmitting medium Advice
from other people Reminding from health care
professional Introduction on newspapers and
magazines Family members or friends once suffered
from this disease
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Modifying factor
1)Demography factors 2)Social and psychological
factors 3)Knowledge structure factors
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Steps
(1) To let people fear to their ill
behavior style at present
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(2) To let people convince that once they change
their ill behavior they will get valuable
outcomes. At the same time, let people cognize
possible difficulties during the behavior change
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(3)To make people feel confident and competent in
changing ill behavior by long-term effort.
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Intervention and modification of behavior
relevant to health
(1) Definition of behavior modification (2)
Purpose of behavior modification
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Definition of behavior modification
Behavior modification is a process of behavior
intervention. It promotes the targets of behavior
modification to change their special behaviors by
adopting certain interventions according to
certain expectation, and in definite conditions.
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Purpose of behavior modification
To help people to change ill behavior and
life habit nurtured by them, adopt behaviors that
promote health consciously, and culture good life
style.
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Teaching methods and cautions
1. Teaching methods 2. Cautions
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Teaching methods
1) Lecture 2) Group discussion 3) Role playing 4)
Field visit 5) instruction
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6) Demonstration 7) Private interview 8)
Audiovisual teaching material 9) Computer
assistant
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Cautions
1) To constitute the health educational plan
according to the learning needs of learner.
2) To select adequate teaching content from
simple to complex from concrete to abstract.
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3) To select adequate teaching methods based on
learners characteristics.
4) To address the combination of theory and
practice.
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5) To create a favorable learning environment
and atmosphere.
6) To establish a good relationship between nurse
and patient.