Earthwork

1
Earthwork Volumes

• Spec Requirements
• End Areas
• End-area Volumes
• Borrow Pit Volumes
• Mass Diagrams
• Cost Estimates

2
Earthwork Specs

• Payment based on excavation (Cut)
• Specs define methods for cut and fill
• Typically not paid for fill
• Based on Excavation measured in place as
  computed from survey notes
• Not weighing, counting truck rounds
• Look for spec allowing contractor to dispute
  volumes in a certain area

3
Excavation Specs

• Common excavation
• Determined from survey notes
• Describes most of work
• Rock/Muck
• Rock requires blasting
• Muck requires deep dig, granular fill
• Before/after volume survey

4
Haul Payments

• Volume payments - /cy Excavation
• Separate lines for common, rock , muck
• Free Haul - Stations
• Overhaul - /cy-stations
• Borrow - /cy
• Covers cost of lease, haul, reclamation
• Waste - /cy

5
End Areas

• Based on
• Cross-sections

• Typical section

• Area ft2
• Cut

• Fill

6
Construction Grade Staking

• Based on typical section
• Stake centerline, slope breakouts

7
Slope Stakes
8
Slope Staking
9
End Area Calculations
10
End Area Calculations

• Level Sections

11
Level Sections
12
3-Level Sections
13
5-Level Sections
14
Transition Sections
15
End Area Calculations

• Planimeter
• Coordinate Calculations
• Similar to coordinate area
• Start/end at same point

16
Coordinate Areas
30 top, left shoulder (-15, 0)
17
Coordinate Calc Example
18
End-Area Volumes
AI 390.6 ft2 AH 338.3 ft2 AG 144.8 ft2 AE
15.6 ft2
AE 15.0 ft2 AD 113.2 ft2 AB 258.2 ft2 AA
338.2 ft2