Chapter 26: The Sun and the Solar System

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Chapter 26 The Sun and the Solar System

• 26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, and Structure
• 26.2 Observing the Solar System

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, Structure

• A. The Sun's Energy
• 1. Diameter of the sun is 1,400,000 km.
• 2. A million Earths could fit inside the sun.
• 3. Fusion-the combining of the nuclei of lighter
  elements to form a heavier element.

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, Structure

• 4. Why do hydrogen and helium exist as plasma?
• 5. Plasma-Fourth state of matter consisting of
  charged particles-the nuclei, or ions, which have
  a positive electric charge, and electrons, which
  have a negative charge.
• 6. What happens to the mass?

Because of intense heat and Pressure
It is converted into energy
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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, Structure

• B. The Sun's Layers (p. 573)
• 1. Core-composed of hydrogen and helium in a
  plasma form, which is 100 times denser than
  water. Has a temperature of 15,600,000ºC.
• 2. Photosphere-The visible surface of the sun.
  Has a temperature of 6,000ºC.

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, and Structure

• 3. Chromosphere-Inner layer of the Sun's
  atmosphere. Extends a 1000km above the
  Photosphere. It has a temperature of 20,000ºC,
  which causes hydrogen to emit a reddish color.
• 4. Solar Prominence- Dense clouds of material
  suspended above the sun's surface by magnetic
  fields. They can erupt for a few minutes or
  several hours, extending 1000s of km into space.

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, and Structure

• 5. Corona-Thin outer atmosphere, which is a
  million times less bright than the photosphere.
  Has a temperature ranging from 1,000,000ºC -
  3,000,000ºC.

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, Structure

• C. Features of the Sun
• 1. Sunspots-Dark spots on the photosphere. Range
  in size and duration.
• 2. Magnetic field is 1000x stronger than the
  surrounding photosphere and has an 11 year cycle.
• 3. Solar Wind- a constant stream of electrically
  charged particles from the corona.

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26.1 The Suns Size, Heat, Structure

• C. Features of the Sun
• 4. Solar Flare- outbursts of light that rise up
  suddenly in areas of sunspot activity.
• 5. Particles from solar wind interact with
  Earth's magnetic field, causing auroras.
• 6. What is a side effect of solar wind?

Auroras
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26.2 Observing the Solar System

• A. The movements of Planets and Stars
• 1. What does geocentric mean?
• 2. What are the wandering points of light?
• 3. What is the backward motion of planets called?

Earth Centered
Stars
Retrograde
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26.2 Observing the Solar System

• B. Ptolemy's Geocentric Model
• 1. Developed the first model to locate planets.
• 2. Proposed that planets traveled in epicycles.

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26.2 Observing the Solar System

• C. Copernicus's Heliocentric Model
• 1. What does the heliocentric model say?
• 2. What causes retrograde motion?

The Sun is at the center of our Solar System
Different Speeds of Planetary Revolution
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26.2 Observing the Solar System

• D. Tycho, Kepler, and Planetary Motion
• 1. Tycho studied the planets individually. Most
  of his observations were made before the
  invention of the telescope.
• 2. Kepler continued his work discovered the
  orbits were elliptical.
• 3. Kepler had three planetary laws. What were
  they?

1. Planets travel in elliptical orbits with the
sun at the center
2. Equal Area Law
3. Harmonic Law
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26.2 Observing the Solar System

• E. Isaac Newton the Law of Gravitation
• 1. What is inertia?
• 2. What is the big G force?

An object in Motion Remains in Motion until acted
upon by an outside force
GRAVITY