Personality

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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939
- neurological disorders have psychological causes
- use of hypnosis ? "the unconscious"
- use of free association
- use of dream analysis
- the unconscious affects the conscious
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Structure of Personality
- each personality is the result of conflict
- Id, Ego, and Superego
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The 'Iceberg' Analogy
? conscious
? preconscious
(accessible)
? unconscious
(inaccessible)
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The 'Carriage' Analogy
Ego
Superego
Id
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Development of Personality
- the psychosexual stages
1. Oral (0-18 months)
2. Anal (18-36 months)
3. Phallic (3-6 years)
4. Latency (6-puberty)
5. Genital (adolescence adulthood)
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Development of Personality
- fixation may occur at any psychosexual stage
- result of too much or too little stimulation
- Oedipus/(Electra) complex
- conflict during phallic stage
- resolution through identification
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Development of Personality
- fixation may occur at any psychosexual stage
- result of too much or too little stimulation
- Oedipus/(Electra) complex
- conflict during phallic stage
- resolution through identification
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Defense Mechanisms
- conflict between id and superego leads to
anxiety
- defense mechanisms reduce or redirect anxiety
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Defense Mechanisms
1. Repression
- not allowing certain thoughts/desires into the
conscious
- the root of all defense mechanisms
2. Regression
- retreat to earlier stage (fixation?) when under
stress
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Defense Mechanisms
3. Reaction Formation
- unacceptable feelings/desires 'converted' to
their opposites
4. Projection
- unacceptable feelings/desires attributed to
others rather than self
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Defense Mechanisms
5. Rationalization
- unconscious comes up with 'alternative'
explanations that justify behavior
6. Displacement
- unacceptable feelings/desires transferred to
'safe target'
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Defense Mechanisms
7. Sublimation
- unacceptable feelings/desires channeled into
socially (superego) approved activities
None of these defense mechanisms are consciously
employed to reduce anxiety
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Personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic Techniques
Projective tests
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The Questions
1. Sternbergs Triangular Theory of love
suggests that love consists of passion,
commitment and intimacy.
2. What percentage of women are exclusively
homosexual? 1 - 2