The central and the peripheral nervous system

1
The central and the peripheral nervous system

• Paulo RM de Bittencourt
• www.unineuro.com.br

2
The nervous system

• Central Neuronal bodies in the head and in the
  spinal column
• Peripheral axons and effector organs
• Head outside the bones of the cranium
• Neck, Chest, abdomen outside the spinal column
• Limbs peripheral nerves, through muscles and in
  relation to bones all the way to the skin

3
Nervous system

• Central
• Box, martial arts
• Motorcycles, cars
• Paranasal sines
• Petrous bone
• Spinal apophyses
• Vertebral bodies

• Peripheral
• Connects CNS to effectors
• Sensory
• Muscles eyes, internal organs, smooth and
  striate
• Arteries and veins
• Internal organs
• glands

4
Neurons

• Neuronal body energy genetics
• Axon Long distance communication
• Dendrites Short distance communication
• Synapses airports, train and bus stations

5
Neurons and cities

• Neuronal body is the city, center and
  administration
• Axons are major expressways like autobahns,
  autoroutes
• Sometimes for close communications Amsterdam and
  The Hague
• Dendrites are small and short neighbourhood roads

6
Neurons and cities

• Neuronal body(city) if it dies, all neuron dies
  and it impairs the whole region and networks
• Axons (expressways) when cut major interruption
  of flow, with consequences for the neuronal body
• Dendrites (neighbourhood roads) interruption
  less problematic

7
CNS

• Grey matter
• Sparse groups of neuronal bodies cortex in brain
  and cerebellum
• Localized groups of neuronal bodies nucleii,
  columns and regions like hypothalamus, thalamus
  and hypothalamus
• White matter
• Neurons (bodies axons) kept in place and
  nourished by glia

8
Peripheral nervous system

• Axons
• Mielin
• Communication stations with neuronal ganglia
• Communications stations with effectors muscles,
  organs
• Communication stations with sensory organs
  vision, hearin, touch, pain, position, heat

9
Motor system

• Upper motor neuron cortex
• Basal ganglia
• Cerebellum and brainstem
• Spinal cord lower motor neuron
• Spinal roots
• Peripheral motor neuron axon
• Neuromuscular juntion
• Muscle

10
The kick in the football

• Vision position sense organs
• Upper motor neuron
• Basal ganglia cerebellum brainstem
• Lower motor neurons
• Activated and inhibitted muscles
• Balance, coordination and power

11
Cerebral cortex(cerebellar)

• Mantle of neuronal bodies covering the brain
• The crust of the watermellon
• The leaves of a tree
• The green leaves of a forest
• Niches
• Temperatur
• Rivers and waterfalls
• Flowers, plants and animals

12
The tree

• Stem takes and brings information to and from
  each neuronal body, a processor
• Neurons leaves
• Branches axons glia tracts, bundles,
  fasciculii
• Spinal cord main rootraiz principal
• Spinal roots secondary roots

13
The tree must move

• Protection for neuronal bodiescranium
• Protection for central neurons spinal cord
  vertebral column
• Protection for peripheral neurons mielin

14
Then tree must move

• Direction vision, heating, touch
• Movement muscles
• Energy internal organs
• Distribution of energy cardiovascular and
  respiratory
• Absorption and elimination of nutrients

15
The tree must move

• Arms, legs, behaviour
• Competition, procriation
• Progressive specialization of the nervous system
  during evolution

16
Progressive specialization

• More equipment in the body
• More controlling equipament in the nervous
  system, like modern cars
• More complexityin communication systems
• Brachial and lumbar plexus
• Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems