Green Roads Rating Standard

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Green Roads Rating Standard
What is it? A rating system designed to
distinguish high-performance sustainable new or
redesigned/rehabilitated roads. What does it
do? It awards credits for approved sustainable
choices and can be used to certify projects based
on total point value. How does it
help? Provides a straightforward means of
understanding and quantifying sustainability in
roadway design and construction.
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Why Should We Care?

• When we build, rehabilitate or maintain roads we
• Spend money
• Impact the environment
• Impact society

Together Sustainability
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Warming of the climate system is unequivocal
Recent Climate Change Observations (over last 160
years)
Graphics from Climate Change 2007 The Physical
Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change. (February 2007)
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All Factors
and, with very high confidence, we know humans
have contributed to this warming.
Explanations of Climate Change (over last 107
years)
Just Solar and Volcanic
Quote from Climate Change 2007 The Physical
Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change. (February 2007) Graphics from
Pachauri and Jallow, Climate Change 2007 The
Physical Science Basis. A 6 Feb 2007 presentation
in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Roads use a lot of materials every year.
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Green is everywhere.

• Broad support
• Market effects
• Financial implications

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LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design)
A nationally accepted benchmark for the design,
construction, and operation of high performance
green buildings. LEED gives building owners and
operators the tools they need to have an
immediate and measurable impact on their
buildings performance. -U.S. Green Building
Council

• LEED certification standards
• New Commercial Construction and Major Renovation
  Projects
• Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Building
  Projects
• Existing Building Operations and Maintenance
• Commercial Interiors Projects
• Core and Shell Development Projects
• Homes
• Neighborhood Development
• Schools

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2006 642 million square feet.
Increase in LEED Projects in three years.
2005 500 million square feet.
2004 More than 180 million square feet.
2003 More than 141 million square feet.
2002 More than 80 million square feet.
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200
LEED for new construction buildings
Distributionby geography
100-199
as of 07/06
50-99
20-49
1-19
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Green Roads is a rating system designed to
distinguish high-performance sustainable new or
redesigned/rehabilitated roads. It awards
credits for approved sustainable
choices/practices and can be used to certify
projects based on point value.
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Green Roads Categories
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Sustainable Design (SD)
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What we design should be in harmony with the
community and the environment.

• Context sensitive design
• Vital Few Goal of FHWA
• NCHRP Report 480

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Example SD Credit
Context Sensitive Design 1
Credit
Use the six key steps in project development as
discussed in National Cooperative Highway
Research (NCHRP) Report 480 A Guide to Best
Practices for Achieving Context Sensitive
Solutions.
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Materials Resources (MR)
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Construction Waste Management
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Construction Waste is a big contributor to the
municipal waste stream.
Most estimates place construction waste at
between 20 and 40 of the municipal waste stream
Graph from the California Integrated Waste
Management Board (CIWMB) Statewide Waste
Characterization Study (2004)
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We have done well recycling HMA and PCC as part
of road construction.
Asphalt and Concrete Recycled 1999 to 2004
HMA/PCC recycling 51 of diverted waste
Graph from the Washington State Department of
Ecology
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But we can do better.
Origins of the 3.2 billion tons/yr of aggregate
used in the U.S.
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We can reduce the amount to landfills, and
increase the amount to high-value surfacings.
Destination of Recovered HMA
Destination of Recovered PCC
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Example MR Credit
Recycled Content 4 Credits
One credit Use recycled content to a minimum of
20 in the HMA/PCC and 40 of the total material
in the structure if base course is included in
the project. Two credits Use recycled content
to a minimum of 30 in the HMA/PCC and 50 of the
total material in the structure if base course is
included in the project. Three credits Use
recycled content to a minimum of 40 in the
HMA/PCC and 60 of the total material in the
structure if base course is included in the
project. Four credits Use recycled content to
a minimum of 50 in the HMA/PCC and 70 of the
total material in the structure if base course is
included in the project.
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Stormwater Management (SM)
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Impervious surfaces affect the natural water
cycle.
Graphic from Prince Georges County Low-Impact
Development Design Strategies-An Integrated
Design Approach, June 1999
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Urban areas have lots of impervious surface, much
of which is pavement.
The United States
King County, WA
pink/red impervious surface
Picure from Marzluff, College of Forest
Resources, UW
Elvidge, et al. (2004). U.S. constructed area
approaches the size of Ohio. EOS Transactions,
85(24), 233240.
? of all polluted waters in Washington State are
polluted by stormwater runoff. -Washington State
Department of Ecology
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Example SM Credit
Permeable Area 3 Credits
If the project has 2,000 ft2 or more of new,
replaced, or new plus replaced impervious surfaces
If the project has land-disturbing activities of
7,000 ft2 or more,
OR
One credit Use permeable areas or surfaces for
at least 20 of the otherwise impervious area.
Two credits Use permeable areas or surfaces
for at least 50 of the otherwise impervious
area. Three credits Use permeable areas or
surfaces for at least 80 of the otherwise
impervious area.
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Pervious Pavement
Impervious Pavement
Photo from Kent Hansen, NAPA director of
engineering
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Energy Environmental Control (EEC)
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Urban areas are hotter than they otherwise would
be becuase built surfaces absorb and radiate
solar energy.

• U.S. cities 2-8F warmer than surrounding areas
• Pavement area in U.S. Cities 30-40

Nighttime satellite thermal image of Atlanta
showing retained heat (orange yellow)
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Pavements do not have to absorb as much heat as
they do.
AlbedoGeneral term for the ratio of
reflected/scattered power to incident power. In
general, a measure of surface reflectivity.
Typical Albedo Numbers
150 F sunny day Albedo 0.1 ? 7 F
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Example EEC Credit
Cool Pavements 1 Credit
Use a light colored (high albedo) pavement with a
minimum albedo of 0.3 and/or use a porous
pavement.
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Some Measured Pavement Albedos
(Pomerantz 2001)
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Construction Activities (CA)
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Diesel exhaust harms health more than any other
air pollutant in Washington State.
-Washington State Department of Ecology
Sources of Diesel PM2.5 in Washington State
(2002)
Source Washington State Department of Ecology,
2006
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Example CA Credit
Reduce Diesel Emissions 1
Credit
50 of the non-road diesel engine fleet used in
construction should have installed emission
reduction exhaust retrofits and add-on fuel
efficiency technologies complying with the EPA
Tier 4 emission standard.
Credit limit is based on the Diesel Particulate
Emission Reduction Strategy for Washington State
as set forth by the Washington State Department
of Ecology and as described in Washington
regulations.
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This generally means retrofit or replacement.
Number of Heavy-Duty Non-Road Diesel Engines that
are Potentially Suitable for Exhaust Retrofits
(MY 1996 or newer, 175 hp)
11,366 engines in construction and mining
Number of Heavy-Duty Non-Road Diesel Engines that
are Potentially Suitable for Replacement (MY
1995 or older)
3,387 engines in construction and mining
Graphs from the Diesel Particulate Emission
Reduction Strategy for Washington State,
Washington DOE, December 2006.
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Innovation (IN)
In writing, identify the intent of the proposed
innovation credit, the proposed requirement for
compliance, the proposed submittals to
demonstrate compliance, and the design approach
(strategies) that might be used to meet the
requirements. -this wording comes directly from
LEED-NC standards
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Certification Levels
19-25 credits
26-31 credits
32-37 credits
38 credits
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How do our current projects stack up?
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Case Studies
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Simple Overlay SR 97 Blewett Pass, Job 6220

• Completed Summer 2002
• 3.76 million
• 0.15 ft. overlay
• 82,000 tons of HMA

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Quiet Pavement SR 520, Job 7353

• Completed Summer 2007
• 0.08 ft. overlay
• 1,930 tons of OGFC (AR and mod)

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Big Ideas

• The public wants green
• What we do now can be improved
• Green Roads can work
• Rating systems can have impact (LEED)
• Already substantially developed

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Where do we go from here?

• Fully develop each item
• Calibrate rating system
• Get industry/agency participation

See on Pavement Interactivehttp//pavementinterac
tive.org/index.php?titleUWGreen_Roads