CEMENTITIOUS STABILISATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: QUO VADIS

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CEMENTITIOUS STABILISATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS QUO VADIS

• Phil Paige-Green,
• CSIR-Transportek, Pretoria
• Frank Netterberg
• Consultant

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INTRODUCTION

• Stabilisation of marginal materials is still an
  important part of road building in RSA
• Will probably become more important as good
  materials are depleted
• Specification of stabilisation is based on
• COLTO Standard Specs for RB (1996)
• with assistance from Draft TRH 13 (1986)

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INTRODUCTION

• Cement stabilisation experience incorporated in
  COLTO and TRH13 was based mainly on the use of
• Ordinary Portland Cement (SABS 471)
• PBFC (SABS 626)
• Portland cement blends (SABS 831)
• Portland flyash cement (SABS 1466)
• Things have changed !!

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SABS ENV 197-1

• In 1992, became a European pre-standard (ENV)
• After 3 years should be upgraded to European
  standard (EN) ??
• Adopted as is by SABS in 1996 for RSA
• Applicable to common cements
• Similar spec for masonry cements (SABS ENV 413-1)
• Concentrate on SABS ENV 197-1 as this is most
  relevant for roads

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NEW REQUIREMENTS

• Totally different classification system
• 5 cement types
• 9 groups (depend on additive)
• 19 subgroups (depend on composition)
• Also classified by strength and rate of strength
  gain (6 additional permutations)

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CLASSIFICATION

• I Portland cement
• II Other Portland cements
• Portland slag cement
• Portland silica fume cement
• Portland flyash cement
• Portland limestone cement
• Portland composite cement
• III Blastfurnace cement
• IV Pozzolanic cement
• V Composite cement

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Strength requirements
Strength class Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa)
Strength class Early strength Early strength Standard strength Standard strength
Strength class 2 days 7 days 28 days 28 days
32.5 - 16.0 32.5 52.5
32.5R 10.0 - 32.5 52.5
42.5 10.0 - 42.5 62.5
42,5R 20.0 - 42.5 62.5
52.5 20.0 - 52.5 -
52.5R 30.0 - 52.5 -
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STANDARD DESIGNATION

• Cement ENV 197-1 CEM I 32.5
• (equiv to OPC ?)
• Cement ENV 197-1 CEM II/A-S 42.5

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SABS 471 SABS ENV 197-1
Lime sat factor 0.66 -1.02 CaO/SiO2 2
MgO cement 5 MgO clinker 5
Max SO3 3.0 3.5 Max SO3 3.5 4.0 (4.5)
Max LoI 4 Max LoI 5
Max insoluble residue 2.5 Max insoluble residue 5
Chloride N/S Max chloride 0.1
Pozzolanicity N/S Pozzolanicity - Yes
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Property SABS 471 ENV 197-1
Max gt212 µm 1.2 0.5 (RH) N/S
Min specific surface area (cm2/g) 2250 3250 (RH) N/S
Min UCS (MPa) 3 days 7 days 16 21 (RH) 24 28 (RH) Earlier table
Min transverse str (MPa) 3 days 7 days 1.8 2.8 (RH) 2.8 3.8 (RH) N/S N/S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (cont)
Property SABS 471 ENV 197-1
Setting times Min initial (min) Max final (hrs) 45 45 (RH) 10 10 (RH) 45 60 N/S
Soundness Max expansion (mm) 10 10 (RH) 10
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STRENGTH
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Strength requirements
Strength class Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa)
Strength class Early strength Early strength Standard strength Standard strength
Strength class 2 days 7 days 28 days 28 days
32.5 - 16.0 32.5 52.5
32.5R 10.0 - 32.5 52.5
42.5 10.0 - 42.5 62.5
42,5R 20.0 - 42.5 62.5
52.5 20.0 - 52.5 -
52.5R 30.0 - 52.5 -
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SABS 471 SABS ENV 197-1
Lime sat factor 0.66 -1.02 CaO/SiO2 2
MgO cement 5 MgO clinker 5
Max SO3 3.0 3.5 Max SO3 3.5 4.0 (4.5)
Max LoI 4 Max LoI 5
Max insoluble residue 2.5 Max insoluble residue 5
Chloride N/S Max chloride 0.1
Pozzolanicity N/S Pozzolanicity - Yes
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Property SABS 471 ENV 197-1
Max gt212 µm 1.2 0.5 (RH) N/S
Min specific surface area (cm2/g) 2250 3250 (RH) N/S
Min UCS (MPa) 3 days 7 days 16 21 (RH) 24 28 (RH) Earlier table
Min transverse str (MPa) 3 days 7 days 1.8 2.8 (RH) 2.8 3.8 (RH) N/S N/S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (cont)
Property SABS 471 ENV 197-1
Setting times Min initial (min) Max final (hrs) 45 45 (RH) 10 10 (RH) 45 60 N/S
Soundness Max expansion (mm) 10 10 (RH) 10
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STRENGTH