Outline of Kiwi Format

1
Outline of Kiwi Format

• Kiwi-W Consortium
• E-Mailkiwi-w_at_mapmaster.co.jp

2
Conventional map database structure

• Database structure which depends on the
  requirement of the Application Program

The real world
Database for each function
Map display Data
Positional reference Data
Route planning Data
Application for each format
Refer to data. (2) Application(2) (positional
calculation)
Refer to data. (n) Application(n) (recommended
route planning)
Refer to data. (1) Application(1) (map display)
Database format for each system
System control program
3
Problem of the conventional map data

• It is difficult to maintain and renew the data
  corresponding to developing of the system.
• Theres no inter-operability between new
  navigation system and old one.
• Theres need to maintain the data corresponding
  to the old version of the navigation system
• The format is not disclosed
• It is used only for navigation system

4
Kiwi format aims..

• To describe the real world
• To speed-up of data reference
• To compress the volume of the data
• To magnify the expandability
• To enlarge the field of application

5
Data base structure of Kiwi format

• The real world is described by information
  related to the shape of the object, the
  attribute, and the connection (phase) etc.

6
The composition of Kiwi format
Index Data
Drawing Parameters Data
Main Map Data
Road Data Background Data Text Data
Voice Data
Image Data
Route Guidance Data
VICS
Route Planning data
7
Kiwi format aims..

• To describe the real world
• To speed-up of data reference
• To compress the volume of the data
• To magnify the expandability
• To enlarge the field of application

8
Speed-up of Data Reference

• Main map data (parcel)
• Kiwi format refers to the data in a constant area
  
• Route planning data (region)
• Kiwi format refers to the data of wide area as
  much as possible
• Hierarchical structure
• Kiwi format quickly refers to the data which
  exist between one level and another, or which
  exist nearby area

9
Main Map Data

• They are used for Map-display, Location, and
  Route guidance
• The area is divided by rectangles (parcel)
• Data has Hierarchical structure

level n
level 2
level 1
10
Main Map Data

• Data to be stored
• Management records
• Road data
• Figure data and Road attribute data to be used
  for map-display and location.
• It has traffic regulation information and link
  connection information so that it may be used for
  the route calculation
• Background Data
• Information containing the data of water etc. for
  map-display.
• It has height data as well.
• Text Data
• They are used for the appellations in
  map-display, and appellations of the road data
  and background data
• Guidance Data
• Appellations of intersection etc. which is
  referred to intersections data in Road Data

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Map Display Data Frame Map Display Data Frame Map Display Data Frame Map Display Data Frame Map Display Data Frame
Map Display Distribution Header Map Display Distribution Header Map Display Distribution Header Map Display Distribution Header

Offset/Size of Road Data Frame Offset/Size of Road Data Frame Offset/Size of Road Data Frame
Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame
Offset/Size of Text Data Frame Offset/Size of Text Data Frame Offset/Size of Text Data Frame
Road Data Frame Road Data Frame Road Data Frame Road Data Frame
Distribution Header Distribution Header Distribution Header

Number of Display Class A Number of Display Class A
Offset to Display-class-classified Road Data Offset to Display-class-classified Road Data
Number of MultiLink (for each Display calss) Number of MultiLink (for each Display calss)
Road Data List Road Data List Road Data List
Array of Display-class-classified Road Data Array of Display-class-classified Road Data
Display Scale Flag
Array of MultiLink Data Record

Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame
Extension Data Frame Extension Data Frame Extension Data Frame Extension Data Frame
????
???
Text
??
????
Road
Back Ground
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Alldata.Kwi
Data Volume Management Header Table
Each Management Header Record represents position
of management data, and size of management data
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Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame
Parcel Data Control Distribution Header Parcel Data Control Distribution Header Parcel Data Control Distribution Header
Header Size Header Size
Coverage Area Coverage Area
Size of Level Control Record Size of Level Control Record
Size of Block Set Control Record Size of Block Set Control Record
Size of Block Control Record Size of Block Control Record
Number of Level Control Record N Number of Level Control Record N
Array of Level Control Record (1 to N) Array of Level Control Record (1 to N)
Number of Block Set (for Each Level ) K
Number of Block (for Each Level) L
Number of Parcel (for Each Level) M
Array of Block Set Control Record (1 to K) Array of Block Set Control Record (1 to K)
Address of Block Control Record
Array of Block Control Record (1 to L) Array of Block Control Record (1 to L)
Address of Parcel Control Information
Parcel Control Information Parcel Control Information Parcel Control Information
Attribute Attribute
Array of Parcel Control Record (1 to M) Array of Parcel Control Record (1 to M)
Address of Map Display Data Frame
Size of Map Display Data Frame
Array of Route Guidance Control Record (1 to M) Array of Route Guidance Control Record (1 to M)
Address of Route Guidance Data Frame
Size of Route Guidance Data Frame
Level n
Level n-1

Level 1
Level 0
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Level i
Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame Parcel Data Control Frame
Parcel Data Control Distribution Header Parcel Data Control Distribution Header Parcel Data Control Distribution Header
Header Size Header Size
Coverage Area Coverage Area
Size of Level Control Record Size of Level Control Record
Size of Block Set Control Record Size of Block Set Control Record
Size of Block Control Record Size of Block Control Record
Number of Level Control Record N Number of Level Control Record N
Array of Level Control Record (1 to N) Array of Level Control Record (1 to N)
Number of Block Set (for Each Level ) K
Number of Block (for Each Level) L
Number of Parcel (for Each Level) M
Array of Block Set Control Record (1 to K) Array of Block Set Control Record (1 to K)
Address of Block Control Record
Array of Block Control Record (1 to L) Array of Block Control Record (1 to L)
Address of Parcel Control Information
Parcel Control Information Parcel Control Information Parcel Control Information
Attribute Attribute
Array of Parcel Control Record (1 to M) Array of Parcel Control Record (1 to M)
Address of Map Display Data Frame
Size of Map Display Data Frame
Array of Route Guidance Control Record (1 to M) Array of Route Guidance Control Record (1 to M)
Address of Route Guidance Data Frame
Size of Route Guidance Data Frame
3
2
Block Set
0
1
Block
3
2
0
1
Parcel
3
2
0
1
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Main Map Data

• Division and integration of a parcel

level n
level 2
level 1
Kiwi format divides and integrates a parcel into
approximately same size of rectangle.
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Route Planning Data

• They are used for Route planning
• The area can be divided into arbitrary size
  (region)
• They have a Hierarchical structure.

Region number
Tree structure of region management records
Region divisions for each layer
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Route Planning Data

• Data to be stored
• Management records
• Information of node
• Information of intersections in road networks
• Information which corresponds to upper level
• Link information
• Information of road in road networks
• Information which corresponds to upper level
• Information of connection to border region
• Regulation information
• Information of traffic regulation in intersection
  and regulation for part of road in intersection

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Structure of Route Planning Data (1)
Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning Distribution Header Route Planning Distribution Header Route Planning Distribution Header

Offset / Size of each Data Frame Offset / Size of each Data Frame
Node Data Frame Node Data Frame Node Data Frame
Total Number of Node Records N Total Number of Node Records N
Array of Node Record (1 to N) Array of Node Record (1 to N)
Attribute
Number of Link Record K
Offset to Link Record
Number of Regulation Record L
Link Data Frame Link Data Frame Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame
Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame

Route Planning Data Frame
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Structure of Route Planning Data (2)
Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning DistributionHeader Route Planning DistributionHeader Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame Node Data Frame Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame Link Data Frame Link Data Frame
Array of Link Record 1 to K for each Node Array of Link Record 1 to K for each Node
Link Cost Record Number
Attribute
Array of Regulation Record 1 to K for each Node Array of Regulation Record 1 to K for each Node
Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node

Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame
Array of Link Cost Data Record Array of Link Cost Data Record
Link ID
Cost (Ex. Link length , Average Traveling Time)

Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node
Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame

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Structure of Route Planning Data (3)
Level i1
Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Data Frame
Route Planning DistributionHeader Route Planning DistributionHeader Route Planning DistributionHeader
Node Data Frame Node Data Frame Node Data Frame
Link Data Frame Link Data Frame Link Data Frame
Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node
Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level N Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level N
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Node (1 to N) Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Node (1 to N)
Adjacent Information
Upper Level Node ID Number
Offset to the Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link
Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link
Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link
Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame Passage Code Data Frame

Level i
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Kiwi format aims..

• To describe the real world
• To speed-up of data reference
• To compress the volume of the data
• To magnify the expandability
• To enlarge the field of application

22
Compression of the Volume of the Data

• Data management by the size of data
• Kiwi format sets the fixed size for each data
  block and manages whole size of the data
• Data management by flags
• Kiwi format manages the existence of fluid data
  by flags which correspond to bits.
• Multi link structure
• Kiwi format integrates the roads which have same
  attribute, and describe the existence of a
  intersection.

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Data-Compression by size or flag (Example)
Data Frame A Data Frame A Data Frame A
Control Header Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags?Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Data B (always stored) Data B (always stored)
Data C (fixed length , always stored) Data C (fixed length , always stored)
Data D (fixed length ) Data D (fixed length )
Data E Data E
Data F Data F
Expansion Data Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data Frame A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Expansion Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
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Multi Link
Node
shape
Link
Road B
Road A
LA3
LA1
LA2
NA2
NA3
NA4
LA0
NA0
NA1
Links
Multilink
LA3
LA1
LA2
NA2
NA4
LA0
NA3
NA0
NA1
Attribute for individual link
Common attribute
Attribute B
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MultiLink Data Record MultiLink Data Record MultiLink Data Record MultiLink Data Record
MultiLink Header MultiLink Header MultiLink Header
Flags for management?Size of each Infomation
Number of Nodes (N)
Attribute of MultiLink
MultiLink Shape Information (Array of Link Shape N) MultiLink Shape Information (Array of Link Shape N) MultiLink Shape Information (Array of Link Shape N)
Attribute of Link (Example Number of Shape Point(K)) Attribute of Link (Example Number of Shape Point(K))
( X?Y ) of Node ( X?Y ) of Node
Array of ( X?Y ) of Shape Point (K) Array of ( X?Y ) of Shape Point (K)
Node and Link Connection Information (Array of Node Record N) Node and Link Connection Information (Array of Node Record N) Node and Link Connection Information (Array of Node Record N)
Additional Node Information (Array of Additional Node Record N) Additional Node Information (Array of Additional Node Record N) Additional Node Information (Array of Additional Node Record N)
Altitude Information Altitude Information Altitude Information
Passage Regulation Information Passage Regulation Information Passage Regulation Information
Temporal Information Temporal Information Temporal Information
Expansion Data Expansion Data Expansion Data

• Flags for managements
• MultiLink Delete Flag
• Temporal Information
• Size of each Infomation
• MultiLink Data Record
• MultiLink Header
• MultiLink Shape Information
• Additional Node Information
• Altitude Information
• Passage Regulation Information

Node Record Node Record
Identical Node Infomation
Flags of each Additional Node Infomation
Offset to Additional Node Record
Additional Node Record Additional Node Record

Offset to route guidance data
Offset to Street Name data
Offset to Passage Regulation Information

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Kiwi format aims..

• To describe the real world
• To speed-up of data reference
• To compress the volume of the data
• To magnify the expandability
• To enlarge the field of application

27
The Expandability of the Data

• The expandability of basic data
• Kiwi format prepares the expanding part so that
  expansion may not have any effect on the data
  reference
• Kiwi format manages the data by the number of
  elements and the volume of the data
• Kiwi format controls the expansion by the flags
  which correspond to the bits
• The expandability enables Kiwi format to expand
  in the future and to store the individual data by
  each manufacturers
• The structure of file
• Kiwi format enables each manufacturers to store
  the individual data.
• Html

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How to store expansion data(Example)
Data Frame A Data Frame A Data Frame A
Control Header Control Header
Size of Data Frame A
Control Flags?Header Size
Size of Data B
Size of Data E
Size of Data F
Expansion Data
Data B (allways Stored) Data B (allways Stored)
Data C(fixed length, allways stored) Data C(fixed length, allways stored)
Data D (allways stored) Data D (allways stored)
Data E Data E
Data F Data F
Expansion Data Expansion Data
Delete flag of Data A
Existence flag of Data D
Existence flag of Data E
Existence flag of Data F
Existence flag of Extension Data (Data Frame A)
Size of Control Header
Control by Size
Control by Size and Flag
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How to store original data (Example)
Control Frame of Data Frame A Control Frame of Data Frame A

Number of Basic / Extension Data Frame
Address / Size of Data Frame A
cf.
Extension Data Frame 1 Extension Data Frame 1
User ID
Data ID
Original Data
Extension Data Frame 2 Extension Data Frame 2
User ID
Data ID
Original Data
Data Frame A Data Frame A Data Frame A
Control Header Control Header

Offset and Size for each Basic / Extension Data Frame
Basic Data Frame 1 (Define Format) Basic Data Frame 1 (Define Format)
Basic Data Frame 2 ( ? ) Basic Data Frame 2 ( ? )
Basic Data Frame 3 ( ? ) Basic Data Frame 3 ( ? )
Extension Data Frame 1 (Undefined Format) Extension Data Frame 1 (Undefined Format)
Extension Data Frame 2 ( ? ) Extension Data Frame 2 ( ? )
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The Structure of Physical Data
Root directory
Start-up record
(Address Map)
Directory
Root Directory
Directory
Pointer to ALLDATA.KWI
Area
Data Volume
DSA to main map management frame
ISO9660 (Volume)
Pointer to META.DATA
DSA to route planning data frame
KIWI format file
All data management frame
Pointer to LOADING.KWI
Main map data management frame
Route planning data management frame
ALLDATA.KWI
Main map data Route planning data
Real data frames
Metadata
Loading
Go back
31
Index Data

• Information of index data to select the
  destination
• Search frame to narrow down the data and point
  data to store the result of the search
• The composition can be defined freely on search
  frame and POI information

32
Structure of Index Data
Management Data
Volume Management Frame
Volume Management Frame 2
Volume Management Frame 3
Search Frame 3
Search Frame 2
Search Frame 1
Search Frame 4
POI Information 1
????3
POI Information 2
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Index Data

• It defines the form of the search facility and
  search data by signature of 4bits
• Management of the volume
• Layer search DSRCDefine for Search
• B-Tree search DSBTDefine for Search of Balanced
  Tree
• Search frame
• SR50Search by 50 on
• SRJPSearch by Japanese area
• Point information
• Point information(normal)
• PINRPoint Of Interest(normal)
• Point information(data declaration)
• DPOIDefine for Point
  Of Interest

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An Example of Address Search
Detailed search information record (Address
search)
Matching data
Prefecture-specific category
City/Ward/Town/ Village-specific category
Oaza/koaza/banchi-specific category
(Main area, Aichi prefecture)
(Main area,Akabaneprefecture)
To POI information
A
Aichi prefecture
Main area
?
Main area
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)
Main
Main
?
?
Nagoya city
Akabane town
A
1-chome Akabane
A
?
?
(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)
Aomori prefecture
Akubi town
2-chome Akabane




O
1-chome Akabane
I
Ishikawa prefecture
NA
Nagoya city
(main area Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)



(1-chome, Akubi, Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)
Main area
Main area
?
Main
Wakayama prefecture
WA
Atsuta ward
A
1-chome Akubi
A



(main area Nagoya city)
Main
Main area
Main area
?
Main
(main area Atsuta ward, Nagoya city)


Main area
?
Main area
?
Main
Main



(main area Kita ward, Nagoya city)

(main area Aomori prefecture)

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Applicability to Many Countries

• Kiwi format has succeeded to overcome the
  difference between Japan and U.S.A (Ver1.22)

Japan
prefecture
chou, aza
banchi (lot number)
cities,towns, and villages
US
cities,towns, and villages
street
state
house number
Go back
36
The Specifications of Kiwi Format

• It is disclosed on the following web site.
• http//kiwi-w.mapmaster.co.jp
• Japanese version and English version are ready as
  well