Chapter 23 Learning Packet

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Chapter 23 Learning Packet

• World War I

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The Great War Long-Term Causes- page 2

• Nationalism spurs competition among European
  nations.
• Imperialism deepens national rivalries.
• Militarism leads to huge standing armies.
• The System of Alliances divides Europe into two
  rival camps.

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The Great War Immediate Causes- page 2

• The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in
  June 1914 prompts Austria- Hungary to declare war
  on Serbia.
• The Alliance System requires nations to support
  their allies.
• European countries begin to rely on one another.

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The Great War Immediate Effects- page 2

• A generation of Europeans are wounded or killed.
• Dynasties fall in Russia, Austria-Hungary, and
  Germany.
• New countries are created.
• The League of Nations is established to help
  promote peace.

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The Great War Long-Term Effects- page 2

• Many nations feel cheated and betrayed by peace
  settlements.
• Problems that helped cause the war nationalism,
  competition still exist.

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• International Anarchy- existed before 1914
• Late 1800s- Rivalries increased between
  European nations
• Nationalist groups want- to unite people under a
  single government

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• African territory, Morocco- almost fought over
  between France Germany in the early 1900s
• Glorification of armed strength- Militarism
• Organized resources for- combat is Mobilization

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Germany starts mobilization- by improving its
  navy in the 1890s
• Bismarck unites Germany Prussia- as German
  chancellor
• Franco-Russian alliance- greatest fear of Germany
  (Bismarck)

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Dual Alliance in 1879- unites Germany and
  Austria-Hungary
• Three Emperors League in 1881- unites Germany,
  Russia, and Austria-Hungary
• Triple Alliance in 1882- unites Germany, Italy,
  and Austria-Hungary

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Reinsurance Treaty in- 1887 unites Germany and
  Russia, throws out Austria-Hungary
• German Kaiser William II throws out- Bismarcks
  policies
• France lends the czar - to create an alliance
  with Russia

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• William II upsets Great Britain when- he
  interfered with British colonies
• Friendly understanding or agreement- not an
  alliance but an entente
• Triple Entente- France, Russia, and Great Britain
  unite

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• By 1907, World peace is threatened- by the
  Alliance System
• Powder keg of Europe- Balkan peninsula
• Serbia wanted control- of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  to trade by sea.

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia and Herzegovina-
  under the Congress of Berlin in 1878, infuriating
  Serbs
• British fear the Suez Canal- would be taken by
  the Russians
• Ottoman Empire joins the- Triple Alliance of
  Wilhelm II

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Germans Berlin to Baghdad railroad- threatens
  Brit trade through Suez Canal
• June 28, 1914 Archduke Ferdinand- heir to
  Austria-Hungarys throne is assassinated
• Capital is Sarajevo- Serb capital where
  assassination took place

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Setting the Stage- page 3

• Gavrilo Princip- assassin of the archduke
• Help from Serbian government- Princip was given
  weapons by Serbian officials
• Ultimatum issued- by Austria-Hungary when they
  found support from Germany, allows the use of
  force.

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Expansion- page 4

• Austria-Hungarys demands- were expressed in its
  ultimatum with Serbia.
• Propaganda condemned- Austria-Hungary in Serbia
• Teacher ban- who opposed A-H under the ultimatum.

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Expansion- page 4

• Trial for the crime in Sarajevo- was to be tried
  by A-H judges under the ultimatum.
• July 28, 1914- A-H declares war on Serbia,
  starting WWI
• Serbia support- comes from Russia

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Expansion- page 4

• Austria-Hungary support-comes from Germany
• Russia mobilizes along the- German border and
  Germans request their removal
• August 1, 1914- Germany declares war on Russia

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Expansion- page 4

• Warring nations of WWI- called Belligerents
• Belgium had to remain neutral- in any European
  wars because of an agreement when it was founded.
• Germany declares- war on France and plans to
  attack France through Belgium. Schlieffen Plan

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Expansion- page 4

• German ultimatum- sent to Belgium requesting
  permission to pass through their territory
• August 4, 1914- Germans march into Belgium, Great
  Britain declares war on Germany
• Japan joins allies- less than six months after
  Archduke Ferdinands assassination

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Expansion- page 4

• Italy joins allies- in May 1915 and begins to
  fight against its former allies
• Ottoman Empire joins- Germany and Austria-Hungary
  in November 1914
• Russias Black Sea Fleet- most powerful naval
  force in the Middle East

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Expansion- page 4

• Constantinople blocks- the Russian Black Sea
  fleet from leaving the region.
• October 1915, Bulgaria- joins Germany and
  Austria-Hungary in World War I.

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Todays Assignment- pages 5-8 of your packet.
STOP

• Chapter 24 Test next Wednesday.

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Central Powers of WWI- Germany, Austria-Hungary,
  Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
• Central Powers advantages- easy communication and
  troop movement
• Germanys army- well organized, trained, and
  equipped.

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Allied Powers of WWI- Great Britain, France,
  Russia, and partners.
• Allied Powers Advantages more people and more
  industrial
• Allies Blockade was to- starve the Central Powers
  of food and resources

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Greece and Romania- joined Allies in 1916
• Thirty-two countries would join Allies before
  the end of WWI
• Machine gun made- troop advancements difficult
  and costly

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Tank introduced by Great Britain- could tear
  through barbed wire and enemy lines
• Air battles during WWI- were called Dogfights
• Submarines introduced by Germany- destroyed
  Allied shipping

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Events of WWI- page 13

• WWI was the 1st war that- drafted civilians into
  armies to fight battles
• Propaganda used on both sides- VERY OFTEN to
  promote a countrys cause or damage your enemy
• French troops are able to defend- Paris from
  German invaders

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Battle of the Marne was where- both armies dug
  trenches along the Western Front
• Threatened Budapest and Danzig- Russia looked to
  take these German cities
• Battle of Tannenberg was a crushing- defeat for a
  retreating Russian army

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Gallipoli Campaign was the Allies- unsuccessful
  attempt to open up the Black Sea Fleet
• Germans used U-Boats- to sink British ships that
  were bound for their harbors
• 128 Americans killed on the sinking- of the
  Lusitania (President Wilson warns Germany)

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Naval Battle at Jutland forces the- German
  retreat to the Baltic Sea
• War of Attrition is a slow- wearing down process
  in which side tries to outlast the other.
• 680,000 French and Germans were killed- in
  Northeastern France (Verdun)

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Events of WWI- page 13

• U.S. supplies contraband- war materials traded to
  belligerent nations (isolationist)
• Atrocities are horror stories- against innocent
  civilians that outraged Americans
• Zimmermann note intercepted and- uncovered a
  German plan to attack the U.S.

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Events of WWI- page 13

• Russias czar government collapses- leaves war to
  handle internal problems
• April 6, 1917- the U.S. declares war on Germany
  on the Allied side

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• The U.S. enters the war because President Wilson
  believed it would- make the world safe for
  democracy
• Which country bailed out of the war after its own
  revolution? Russia in Nov. 1917

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 3. What did President Wilson express what the
  Allied interest should be? In his Fourteen
  Points
• What wouldnt be kept secret? Treaties
• What should be free to all nations? The seas
• Who wanted support for the 14 points? President
  Wilson

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 4. Germanys offensive launched in Spring 1918?
  Got within 37 miles of Paris
• 5. Which French general defeated the Germans at
  Chateau-Thierry in June 1918? General Foch

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 6. Who forced the Germans back to their borders
  with victories at St. Mihiel and Argonne Forest?
  The Allied Army
• 7. Who was the first Central Power to surrender
  in September 1918? Bulgaria

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 8. Which empire collapsed in November 1918 and
  was split into two separate nations?
  Austria-Hungary became Austria and Hungary

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 9. Kaiser was abdicated on November 9, 1918 and
  this new nation was proclaimed- The German
  Republic
• 10. What was signed by the German chancellor on
  November 11, 1918 and what did it do? Armistice
  which ended fighting until a treaty was signed.

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U.S. enters the war- page 14

• 11. Which treaty between Russia and Germany was
  cancelled under this armistice? Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk

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U.S. enters the war- page 15

• 12. How many people were killed in WWI?
• 10 million
• 13. How many people were wounded in WWI? 20
  million
• 14. How many Americans were killed in WWI?
  115,000
• 15. How many dollars in property damage? 400
  Billion

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U.S. Enters the war- page 15

• David Lloyd George
• Woodrow Wilson
• Georges Clemceau
• Vittorio Orlando
• 16. What were these men listed above referred to
  as? The Big Four

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U.S. Enters the war- page 15

• 17. Which victorious ally wanted its former
  provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, the Rhineland,
  and Saar River Valley returned to them? France

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U.S. Enters the war- page 15

• 18. Which leader left the conference when his
  country was not given the port city of Flume?
  Premier Orlando
• 19. Which victorious ally wanted the German navy
  destroyed and to take over Germanys African
  colonies? Great Britain

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U.S. Enters the war- page 15

• 20. Which victorious ally received the Shandong
  Peninsula? Japan
• 21. What are reparations? Payment for war
  damages
• 22. This was an organization to maintain world
  peace, but many doubted its success. League of
  Nations

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U.S. enters the war- page 15

• 23. Peace of Vengence is the philosophy that
  wanted to teach these two countries the
  consequences for starting the war. Austria and
  Germany

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U.S. enters the war- page 15

• 24. The League of Nations was abolished shortly
  before World War II (1939-1945), what
  international organization exists today with
  similar goals? The United Nations

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U.S. enters the war- page 15

• 25. What did the German Republic have to do under
  the Treaty of Versailles? Pay 33 billion in
  reparations and lost a great deal of land.

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Todays Assignment- pages 16-21 of your packet
STOP

• Chapter 24 Test- Wednesday
• Study Session Monday _at_ 240 P.M. or Tuesday _at_
  740 A.M.