Turkey and Iran

1
Chapter 17

• Turkey and Iran

2
Turkish People

• 1/3 rural
• Huge cities
• 80 Turkish
• 20 Kurdish and other minorities
• Turks killed 1 million Armenians during WWI
• Religions/Races of people dont get along

3
Where did they come from?

• Turks came from Afghanistan and conquered Iran,
  Egypt, India, and many surrounding lands.
• 1300-1900 Othman Turks empire, THE OTTOMAN
  EMPIRE, is strong.
• During World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapses,
  forming the Middle Eastern countries we see
  today Iran, Iraq, etc.

4
The New Turkey

• After WWI, Mustafa KamalAtaturk leads the
  Turkish people to start a new state.
• Ataturk brings Western ideas to the Middle East.
• Ataturk made sure that religion could not impact
  laws.

5
Ataturks Ideas

• Turkeys government was secular
• Public Schools
• Women had rights
• The fez was outlawed
• Changed to Roman alphabet
• Died in 1938. Islam regained control.

6
IRAN

• East of Turkey
• Heart of 2500 year old Persian Empire
• Speak Farsi
• Azerbaijanis are minority ethnic group
• They speak Turkish

7
People of Iran

• Persians, Kurds, Arabs, Luri, Bakhtiari, Baluchi,
  Qashqai tribes.
• Many people are still desert nomads.
• Nearly all are Muslim
• Women are not treated equally.
• Iran is the only country with a majority of
  Shiite Muslims, about 95

8
2 Branches of Islam

• After Mohammed died, Islam split into branches.
• Sunni Muslims said that their leader should be
  elected by the people, and they chose Mohammads
  father-in-law.

• Shiite Muslims said that Muhammad had chosen his
  own son-in-law as his successor, Ali. Ali was
  the Imam, a holy man who cannot make a mistake.

9
Reza Shah Pahlavi

• Pahlavi wanted to be like Ataturk
• The US supported Pahlavi and his son, the Shah of
  Iran, because they wanted to Westernize Iran.
• The Shah made a lot of money selling oil to
  America.
• Iran became a lot like the West

10
Fundamentalist Revolt

• Many Iranian Muslims did not like the Shah
• The Shah was a brutal leader who used his secret
  police to stay in power.
• The Shah was not a strong religious leader
• In 1979, millions of Iranians revolted and
  overthrew the Shah
• In his place, Ayatollah Ruholla Komeini became
  the leader of Iran.

11
Fundamentalism

• Iran became a fundamentalist theocracy.
• A theocracy is a government controlled by
  religious leaders.
• Western culture and American influence was banned
  from Iran. Iran really, really hates us.
• Many of the most educated people in Iran fled the
  country for America or Europe after the revolution

12
Iran after Khomeini

• Iranians want to improve their relations with the
  rest of the world to improve their economy
• Iran still considers itself an enemy of America.
  Pres. Bush listed Iran with the Axis of Evil
  Countries.
• Iran still wants to keep its very strict
  religious rule.