Bone Injuries

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Bone Injuries

• Chapter 2

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Types of Bone Injuries

• Dislocations and fractures are the two most
  common bone injuries
• Dislocations and fractures depend on the
  following
• The athlete
• Where the force is applied
• The bone type
• The body position

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Dislocations

• When bones come together at a joint they are said
  to articulate
• A dislocation occurs when a significant force
  displaces a bone so that the two bone ends in the
  same joint no longer line up.

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Dislocations

• A dislocation can also cause avulsion fractures,
  strains, sprains, disruption of blood flow, and
  disruption of nerve conduction

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Dislocations

• Dislocations present with deformity and pain are
  not easily moved
• Generally most dislocation are taken care of by a
  doctor or physician

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Fractures

• The amount of energy required to cause a
  fracture, or broken bone, is called the failure
  point
• Failure points vary with the athlete, age, and
  bone structure
• Ex An athlete with osteoporosis will have a
  lower failure point than an athlete with healthy
  bones

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Fractures

• Fractures are named according to the type of
  impact and how failure of the bone occurs
• Fractures are often said to be broken, cracked,
  chipped, or have a hairline fracture
• All of these simply mean the bone has been
  compromised and weakened

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Fractures

• With any fracture injury the athlete will be in a
  splint or cast for six to eight weeks
• This is the required amount of time for a bone to
  heal properly
• Some fractures can be splinted allowing the
  athlete to resume physical activity immediately

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Facts About Bones

• Deformity refers to a misalignment of a body part
• During a fracture or dislocation medical
  professionals often talk about the obvious/gross
  deformity or location of a deformity on the
  athlete

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Osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones are
  porous and fragile
• Caused in young people by a lack of calcium in
  the diet or by the bodys inability to absorb
  minerals.
• Typically is much more common in the adult
  athlete
• The incidence usually increases as the athlete
  ages

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Osteogenesis

• Osteogenesis is the process of laying down new
  bone
• This provides a thickening of the bony structure
• Types of bone cells
• Osteocytes bone cells
• Osteoblasts bone forming cells
• Osteoclasts bone resorption cells

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Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, and Osteclasts
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Osteogenesis

• As an athlete grows, osteoblasts replace
  cartilage and form bone tissue by laying down a
  new layer on the outside of the bone
• Osteoclasts eat at the interior layer of the
  bone.
• The osteoclasts allows bone growth by removing
  older bone cells and it helps control the weight
  of a bony structure

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Cartilage

• Cartilage is a tissue found at the ends of long
  bones and between bones that absorbs shock and
  permits smooth bone movement at joints