GHQ12

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GHQ-12
INSTRUCTIONS We should like to know if you have
any medical complaints, and how your health has
been in general, over the past few weeks.. We
want to know about present and recent complaints,
not those you had in the past.

• Able to concentrate
• Lost much sleep
• Playing a useful part
• Capable of making decisions
• Under stress
• Could not overcome difficulties
• Enjoy normal activities
• Can face up to problems
• Feeling unhappy and depressed
• Losing confidence
• Thinking of self as worthless
• Feeling reasonably happy

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12 item GHQ (6 positive items)

• Item 7
• able to enjoy day-to-day activities
• More so than usual MSTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less so than usual LSTU
• Much less than usual MTLU
• Item 8
• able to face up to your problems
• More so than usual MSTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less able than usual LATU
• Much less than usual MTLU
• Item 12
• feeling reasonably happy all things considered
• More so than usual MSTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less so than usual LSTU
• Much less than usual MTLU

• Item 1
• able to concentrate
• Better than usual BTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less than usual LTU
• Much less than usual MTLU
• Item 3
• playing a useful part
• More so than usual MSTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less useful than usual LUTU
• Much less than usual MTLU
• Item 4
• felt capable of making decisions
• More so than usual MSTU
• Same as usual SAU
• Less so than usual LSTU
• Much less capable MLC

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12 item GHQ (6 negative items)

• Item 9
• feeling unhappy and depressed
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU
• Item 10
• been losing confidence in yourself
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU
• Item 11
• thinking of self as worthless person
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU

• Item 2
• lost much sleep over worry
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU
• Item 5
• playing a usefu part
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU
• Item 6
• felt capable of making decisions
• Not at all NAA
• No more than usual NMTU
• Rather more than usual RMTU
• Much more than usual MMTU

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ILLEGAL WRONG !!!
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Goldbergs GHQ-12BHPS VARIABLE RESPONSE LABELS

• ighqa ghq concentration
• 1 better than usual
• 2 same as usual
• 3 less than usual
• 4 much less thn usual
• ighqb ghq loss of sleep
• 1 not at all
• 2 no more than usual
• 3 rather more thn usul
• 4 much more than usual
• ighqc ghq playing a useful role
• 1 more than usual
• 2 same as usual
• 3 less so
• 4 much less
• ighqd ghq capable of making decisions
• 1 more than usual
• 2 same as usual
• 3 less so

• ighqg ghq enjoy day-to-day activities
• 1 more than usual
• 2 same as usual
• 3 less so
• 4 much less
• ighqh ghq ability to face problems
• 1 more than usual
• 2 same as usual
• 3 less so
• 4 much less
• ighqi ghq unhappy or depressed
• 1 not at all
• 2 no more thn usual
• 3 rather more
• 4 much more
• ighqj ghq losing confidence
• 1 not at all
• 2 no more than usual
• 3 rather more

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Latent Goldberg What kinds of models are
required to ask what research questions?
Psychiatry
Psychology
Standard statistical approach - under applied
Novel scoring approaches, under-validated
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Positively worded items scored 1000
GHQ03
GHQ07
GHQ12
GHQ01
GHQ04
GHQ08
F1 GHQ Pos
F2 GHQ Neg
Orthogonal
GHQ05
GHQ09
GHQ11
GHQ02
GHQ06
GHQ10
Negatively items scored 0011
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Setting the scene

• Software use what do you use?
• SPSS
• SAS STATA
• R/Splus MATLAB
• Specialist Psychometric
• BILOG MULTILOG TESTFACT PARSCALE
• Rasch software

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Psychometric papers

• What statistics/statistical analyses do you
  associate with a psychometric paper
• What would you use a computer to calculate for
  you?
• Why are you doing that? Why only that?
• What else could you do and how?
• Increasing your options and understanding of the
  range of psychometric scaling approaches and
  statistic analyses
• Psychometric analyses, and increasing the
  accuracy with which you describe, execute and
  combine them

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Example GHQGeneral Health QuestionnaireSee GHQ
Users Guide and Goodchild-Duncan Jones (Ref pdf)

• This instrument has no numbers on it
• Scoring begins from assignment of
• 1, 2, 3, 4
• (weights)
• i.e. consecutive integers
• to the ordered levels
• of the graded responses Scoring methods alter
  weights/Scaling models estimate weights

• Be careful with question wording
• GHQ is balanced in terms of
• - question wording
• what does this mean?
• Why and what implication(s)?
• NB If response options are consistently
  (re)-worded, this avoids the need for reverse
  scoring

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GHQ-30 data from a population survey HALS
(Baseline)
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GHQ-30 data from a population survey HALS (9
items)
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New portable C\HALS_CGHQ_negativeonly.dta
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Time to share out well tested

• Data preparation pipeline
• (semi-automated)
• Take it away Jon