Canadian Programmes

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Canadian Programmes
Satellite Technology
MCS xx Maj JW Paul
Winter2004
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Tell a man there are 300 billion stars in the
universe, and he will believe you.
Tell him the bench has wet paint, and he will
have to touch it to be sure.
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GPS Review

• Why are 4 satellites required for a fix?
• Why is P code better than C/A?
• Two sources for GPS errors?
• Limitations of GPS?
• What is the principle of DGPS?

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Todays Lecture

• Classification
• Organizations Projects
• Systems

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Satcom Classification
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SATCOM Classifications
Several ways of classifying SATCOM capabilities

• By Level of Robustness/Survivability
• By Level of Capacity
• By Type of Service
• By Frequency Bands

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SATCOM Classifications
By robustness/survivability as defined by DoD

• Hard Core dedicated, secure, enduring,
  survivable, autonomous (Ex Milstar)
• Core secure either through dedicated encryption
  (Ex Milstar, DSCS, UFO) or augmented encryption
  (Ex INMARSAT or Iridium with STU III)
• General Purpose commercial non secure (Ex
  Iridium without STU III or Globalstar)

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SATCOM Classifications
By level of capacity

• Narrowband used for low traffic data rates (Ex
  UFO, Milstars LDR, INMARSAT, MSAT, Iridium,
  Globalstar)
• Wideband used for high traffic data rates
  (Ex DSCS, Milstars MDR, INTELSAT, Aniks,
  Broadband satellites Astrolink, Skybridge,
  Spaceway, Teledesic)
• Broadcast used for broadcasting services (Ex
  Military GBS or Commercial DBS Aniks)

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SATCOM Classifications
By type of service

• Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) to fixed earth
  stations (Ex Milstar, DSCS, INTELSAT).
• Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) to vehicles,
  ships and aircraft (Ex Military UHF, INMARSAT,
  MSAT).
• Personal Satellite Service (PSS) to handhelds.
  Truly for the soldier on the move
  (Ex Iridium, Globalstar).

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SATCOM Classifications
By frequency bands

• UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz
• UHF, L, and part of S band.
• SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz
• Part of S, C, X, Ku, K, and part of Ka band.
• EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz
• Part of Ka, V, and W band.

1 2 4 8 12 18
27 40 75 110 GHz
L
S
C
X
Ku
Ka
K
UHF
V
W
UHF SHF EHF
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UHF

• Advantages
• Small mobile terminals (narrow BW, low power).
• Good in bad weather and dense foliage.
• Mature reliable technology.
• Most common military terminal.
• Limitations
• Crowded spectrum.
• Small bandwidth limited to low data rates and
  does not permit anti-jamming (A/J) and Low
  Probability of Detection (LPD) schemes.

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SHF

• Advantages
• Greater capacity due to wider bandwidth
  available.
• Better A/J capability possible.
• More likely to survive austere and hostile
  environment.
• Limitations
• Poor mobility larger ground equipment (narrow
  beam antennas, and higher power to accommodate
  wider BW needed for A/J capability).
• More vulnerable to attacks due to larger physical
  profile.

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EHF

• Advantages
• Widest bandwidth available.
• Greatest A/J capabilities.
• Least affected by scintillation.
• Better guaranteed communications.
• New technologies (greatest growth potential).
• Limitations
• May need large power and/or large ground
  terminals due to high susceptibility to
  atmospheric absorption and foliage blockage.
• Can trade mobility for A/J capability capacity.
• New technologies (efficiency not yet optimized).

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UHF
SHF
EHF
Capability
Cost
High
Mobility
A/J
Mobility
Moderate
Capacity
Capacity
Trade Offs possible
A/J
Cost
Frequency
Low
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DND Organizations Projects
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D Space D - mission
To provide effective space-related Departmental
planning, coordination, and direction in support
of CF operations, programs and the protection of
Canada
CHAMPION OF SPACE IN DND
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Space Training Requirements

• Level 1 (Basic Knowledge)
• Gradual integration into existing programs
• Variable scope corresponding to DP level
• Targeted program for NCM
• Level 2 (Detailed Knowledge - Joint)
• Concentrated format (3 - 4 Weeks)
• Throughput 20 students/yr

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D Space D - projects

• G1945 CANMILSATCOM 646M
• M1713 FLEETSATCOM 20M
• A2371 NAVSTAR GPS 153M
• L2683 Positioning for LF 69M

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CANMILSATCOM

• our space segment
• Divided into 4 independent Projects
• 2803 Protected MILSATCOM (AEHF) 470M
• launch in 2006 user terminal
• 2802 Enhanced UHF Terminals - 22M
• TBD GBS Capability - 30M
• TBD Advanced Mobile Capability - 111M

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D Space D - projects

• G2667 JSP 624M
• G2773 TROODOS 28M
• A2040 SARSAT 65M

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JSP Summary
Intel EO Wx Geo Ocean S of S S frm
S RADARSAT SBR Warning
30M - 50M
lt3M
lt3M
lt3M
10M to 60M
lt50M
gt350M
3M - 6M
98/99
00/01
02/03
10/11
08/09
04/05
06/07
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DREO crest
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DREO

• RADARSAT II
• Small Satellite Project
• research initiatives

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David Florida Lab crest
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David Florida Laboratories

• Spacecraft design testing facility
• temperature extremes
• vacuum
• vibration
• RF spectrum performance
• Assembly Integration

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CTC spacecraft in assembly area
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SRMS in Thermal Vacuum chamber
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CSA crest
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CSA - Objectives

• to ensure the development and application of
  space science and technology to meet Canadian
  needs
• to ensure the development of an internationally
  competitive space industry in Canada

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CSA - Industry Partners

• Spar
• COM DEV
• CAL Corp
• MDA

• Bristol Aerospace
• IMT Comm Systems
• Calian Technolgies
• SED Systems

300M annual budget
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Its time we face reality, my friends. Were not
exactly rocket scientists.
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Systems
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DNDs Current Providers

• Telesat (Aniks MSAT)
• INTELSAT
• INMARSAT
• UHF Follow-On (UFO)
• NATO IV
• Skynet IV

Commercial
MILSATCOM
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Telesat Canada

• Founded in 1969 by act of parliament
• Worlds most experienced commercial SATCOM
  operator
• Sole operator of communications satellites in
  Canada
• ANIK E F series, and MSAT
• (through Telesat Mobile).

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ANIK E

• used by NWS
• Alert
• requires HADCS
• MMs use excess NWS bandwidth

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MSAT

• Canadas first mobile satellite network
• Designed by CRC and built by SPAR
• GEO Satellite - Launched in 1996
• Backs up the American Mobile Satellite
  Corporation (AMSC 1) launched 1995
• Coverage of North America Mexico

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MSAT
Directional Antenna under Magnetic Dome
Tripod-mounted, 1-m dish can be used via coax
cable.
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Intelsat

• International Telecommunication Satellite
  Organization
• MM terminals
• pay by the month (60K)
• requires host nations approval

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Intelsat
Intelsat
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INMARSAT

• International Maritime Satellite
• 4 INMARSAT-2 and 5 INMARSAT-3 geostationary
  satellites
• 6 per minute
• non-military uses

INMARSAT Mini-M
INMARSAT B
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INMARSAT
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Military Systems

• SKYNET (British)
• SYRACUSE (French)
• FLTSATCOM (US)
• DCS (US)
• MILSTAR (US)

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Skynet IV

• geosynchronous satellite
• Coverage from east coast of North America to
  central Turkey
• 2 UHF, 4 X band, 1 Q band

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SKYNET 4
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SYRACUSE

• System of RAdio Communication .Using
  a SatellitE

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SYRACUSE

• French military space segment on TELECOM-2
  commercial satellite
• coverage from Newfoundland to Indian Ocean
• 2x40 MHz single channel repeaters

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FLTSATCOM

• 4 satellites in geosynchronous orbit
• 24 x UHF/X-band 32 Q-band
• launched in 1978
• dated technology but still in use

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FLTSATCOM
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DSCS

• Defence Satellite Communication System
• DSCS III now in orbit
• 8 satellites
• 6 channels
• UHF and SHF bands
• To be replaced by WGS

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DSCS
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MILSTAR

• Military Strategic and Tactical Relay
• very expensive
• EMP hardened
• Medium Data Rate (MDR)
• 37 Frequency Agile Spot Beams
• Antenna Nulling, Frequency Hopping
  Switchboard in the sky

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MILSTAR
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Questions?