Introduction to LaTeX

1
Introduction to LaTeX

• CPS470 Software Engineering
• Fall 1998

2
Objectives

• Learn how to create a simple LaTeX2e document
• Create a LaTeX (tex) file.
• Create and include figures.
• Reference figures and sections.
• Create lists.
• Include other tex files.
• Generate a postscript file.
• Cite bibliographic references.

3
Introduction

• Tex
• Text processing system for documents with lots of
  math
• Donald Knuth
• Latex
• Document preparation system based on Tex
  formatter
• Leslie Lamport

4
References

• LaTeX Users Guide and Reference Manual Leslie
  Lamport
• The LaTeX Companion Michel Goossens et. al.
• On-line documents.
• (available from cps470 web page)

5
Files LaTeX Uses

• Input source file (.tex).
• Files containing structure and layout definitions
  (.sty).
• Tex formatted output file (.dvi).
• Others
• .toc (table of contents), .lof (list of figures),
  .lot (list of tables), .bib (bibliography)

6
Document Classes

• Five standard document classes
• article, report, book, slides, letter
• Can be further customized
• Specifying class options.
• Using additional packages
• (epsfig for including postscript figures)

7
Minimal LaTeX File

• \documentclass12ptarticle
• comments...
• \begindocument
• Text goes here
• \enddocument

8
More Complex LaTeX File
\documentclass12ptarticle \usepackagedoublesp
ace,epsfig \usepackage../custom \begindocument
\inputabstract \sectionSample
Section \labelssample Text goes
here... \enddocument
9
Cross-references(internal references)

• \labelkey-string
• assigns the key key-string to the current element
  of the document
• \refkey-string
• inserts a string identifying the element to which
  key-string refers
• \pagerefkey-string
• inserts the page number on which the element
  referenced by key-string appears

10
Cross-reference Example
Figure\refffigexample in Section\refssample
is on page\pagerefffigexample.
Figure 1 in Section 1 is on page 1.
11
Including Other LaTeX Files

• Supports modularity
• a single LaTeX document can consist of multiple
  LaTeX files
• useful for group work (many authors)
• \inputLaTeX-file
• used to include other Latex files
• Latex filename is latex-file.tex

12
Including a ps Figure
\beginfigure htbp \centerline\epsfigfigure
figname.eps, height2.5in,silent
,clip \caption\labelffigexample Example
of a figure. \endfigure
13
Making a List
\beginitemize \beginenumerate \item Text
for this item. \item Text for this
item. \enditemize \endenumerate
14
Generating, Viewing, and Printing a Postscript
file

• latex latex-file.tex
• generates latex-file.dvi
• xdvi latex-file.dvi
• displays dvi file for preview
• dvips latex-file.dvi gt latex-file.ps
• generates postscript file
• ghostview latex-file.ps
• displays postscript file
• lpr -P ltprintergt latex-file.ps
• sends file to the specified printer

15
Generating ASCII Output

• dvi2tty latex-file.dvi gt file.text
• generates ASCII file of document for viewing

16
Drawing Tools

• xfig
• For interactive generation of figures.
• Must export encapsulated postscript files (eps).
• idraw
• Interactive drawing tool.
• Saves files automatically in postscript format.

17
Snapshot

• Used to capture a screen or a portion of the
  screen (a window).
• Saves file in raster format or postscript format.
• ras2ps converts a Sun raster file to a postscript
  file.

18
Advanced Features

• Creating a table of contents
• Creating a list of figures
• Creating a .bib file and a bibliography

19
Table of Contents

• Contains section headings and page number where
  each section starts.
• \tableofcontents
• Causes LaTeX to generate a .toc file
• Must run LaTeX on the file at least twice
• On the first pass, LaTeX collects information
• On the second pass, LaTeX reads back information
  and typesets it.

20
List of Figures

• Contains caption text of the figures and page
  number where each figure appears.
• \listoffigures
• Causes LaTeX to generate .lof file.
• As for the table of contents, must run LaTeX at
  least twice.

21
Bibliographies and BIBTeX

• Must create a bibliography database
• .bib file
• formatted by keyword, readable by BIBTeX
• Bibliographies can have different formats yet the
  same .bib file (alphabetical, order of citation,
  etc.)
• BIBTeX formats entries based on the bibliography
  style chosen (.bst or .sty)
• ieeetr, plain, alpha, acm, etc.

22
BIBTeX Entry

• Entry type
• book, article, inproceedings, etc.
• Keyword identifying publication
• should be unique for each entry
• Series of fields for each type
• author, title, journal, etc.

23
Referencing .bib entry

• \citekeyword
• \nocitekey1, key2, key3,
• example
• In \citepressman97, the characteristics of
  software are discussed.
• In 1, the characteristics of software are
  discussed.

24
BIBTex and LaTeX

• Command sequence
• latex file.tex
• bibtex file
• latex file
• May have to latex file again if unresolved
  references