CHAPTER 3 THE REGIONS OF TEXAS

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FOUR NATURAL REGIONS OF TEXAS

• GULF COASTAL PLAIN
• CENTRAL PLAINS
• GREAT PLAINS
• INTERMOUNTAIN BASINS AND PLATEAUS

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Texas Natural Regions
Central Plains
Great Plains
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Gulf Coastal Plain
IntermountainBasins and Plateaus
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CENTRAL PLAINS
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Central Plains
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Physical Features

• The Physical Features in the Central Plains
  include
  
• Prairies
• Forests in the Cross Timbers
• Rolling Plains and Hills
• Variety of trees
• Small shrubs

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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AFFECT
INDUSTRY

• Rich soils support farm industries
• Natural resources have spurred other industries

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Geographic Sections

• The Central Plains is sectioned into 3 different
  subregions
  
• Rolling Plains
• Western Cross Timbers
• Grand Prairie

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PHYSICAL AND HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRAL
PLAINS SUBREGIONS

• GRAND PRAIRIE flat and rolling hills,
  grasslands suited for livestock
  
• CROSS TIMBERS sandy soil good for farming a
  variety of crops
  
• ROLLING PLAINS grasslands
• hilly terrain steep valley
• rivers suited for cattle and ranches

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Major Cities

• Major Cities in the Central Plains include
• Austin
• Fort Worth
• Wichita Falls
• Abilene
• Grand Prairie

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The Central Plains
well suited for cattle, otherlivestock Fort
Worth is a largemeat-processing center
limits crops that can be grownto mainly crops
for animal feedcotton in some areas
absorbs water wellvery good for farming many
crops grown from peanuts to corn, cotton, hay
well suited for cattle (valleysshelter
grasslands and riversfood and water) contains
many of the states largest ranches
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Native American Tribe
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GULF COASTAL PLAIN
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Gulf Coastal Plains
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Physical Features

• The Physical Features in the Gulf Coastal Plains
  include
  
• Woods Forest
• Beaches
• Grassy Plains and Prairies
• Has lots of fishing and shrimping
• It is the largest of the four regions in Texas
• Gets the most rainfall
• Has citrus groves

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Major Cities

• Major Cities in the Gulf Coastal Plains include
• Dallas
• Houston
• San Antonio

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THE GULF COAST PLAINS ADAPTS TO ENVIRONMENT

• Houston petrochemicals, shipping, manufacturing
  
  
• Dallas banking, manufacturing, corporate
  headquarters
  
• Laredo trade, farming
• San Antonio tourism,
• military, retail

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COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE SUBREGIONS OF THE GULF
COAST PLAIN

• Piney Woods pine forest, farming, timber
• Gulf Coast Plain prairie, bayous, farming,
  ranching, fishing, ports, oil, petrochemicals
  
• South Texas Plains warm dry climate, year-round
  farming, ranches
  
• Post Oak Belt sandy soils,
• prairies, farming, energy resources
• Blackland Prairie rich soil,
• large population, manufacturing

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The Gulf Coastal Plain
timber, farming (fruits, vegetables), cattle
ranching, oil
farming (rice, cotton, grains), livestock,
fishing, shrimping, center of oil industry,
petrochemicals, ports and shipping
farming (Rio Grande valley fruit, vegetables,
sugar-cane) ranching retail and international
trade tourism military bases (San Antonio)
farming (cotton), corn, cattle, hogs) mining
(oil,gas, lignite) manufacturing
farming (cotton, grains, vegetables, cattle,
chickens, hogs) Dallas/Metroplex banking,
insurance, and oil corporate headquarters,
international cotton market,manufacturing,
transportation hub
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Native American Tribe
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Native American Tribe
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Native American Tribe
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Native American Tribe
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Great Plains
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Great Plains
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Geographic Sections

• The Great Plains is divided into 2 sub regions
• High Plains
• Edwards Plateau

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Physical Features

• The Physical Features in the Great Plains
  include
  
• Panhandle area of Texas
• Has the highest elevation
• Palo Duro Canyon
• Flat treeless plains and grasslands
• Caprock Escarpment
• Balcones Escarpment
• An escarpment is a cliff

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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE GREAT PLAINS

• High and flat
• Caprock prairie with elevation rising to the
  east
  
• Escarpments along the eastern and western edges
• Red River forms Palo Duro Canyon

Caprock hard bed of rock below the soil of the
High Plains
Escarpment cliffs
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Major Cities

• Major Cities in the Great Plains include
• Amarillo
• Lubbock
• Midland
• Odessa

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TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE
GREAT PLAINS

• Used grasslands for farming
• Pumped water for irrigating crops
• Drilled for oil and gas
• Built cities

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The Great Plains
high flat, Caprock prairie with elevation rising
to east escarpmentson eastern, western edges
Red River forms Palo Duro Canyonlittle
rainfall oil and gas
high, hilly limestone plateau rising and getting
more rugged to westBalcones Escarpment and
Fault, many springs on southern edgemany areas
rocky with thin soil prairie grasses trees
rivers, streamsform deep valleys and canyons
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Native American Tribe
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Native American Tribe
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Native American Tribe
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The Plains Culture Area

• became Plainsnomads
• enhanced ability tohunt, follow buffalo
• in 1700s led toloss of huntinggrounds to Apache

• came to Texasbetween A.D. 1000and 1400
• became Plains nomads
• enhanced ability to hunt, follow buffalo,
  fight, raid
  
• in time, led to lossof hunting grounds to
  Comanche

• became Plainsnomads
• migrated to Texas
• soon controlled much of theTexas
  Plains(Comanchería)

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INTERMOUNTAIN BASINS AND PLATEAUS
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Mountains Basins
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN
BASINS AND PLATEAUS

• Dry desert climate
• Rocky soil
• Mountains, Canyons, Basins
• Plateaus
• Limited Plant Life

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Geographic Sections

• The Mountains and Basins Region does not have any
  sub regions.

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Physical Features

• The Physical Features in the mountains and basins
  include
  
• Mountains ranges, basins plateaus
• Guadalupe Mountains
• Big Bend National Park
• Guadalupe Peak highest peak in Texas (8749
  feet)
  
• Basins are lowlands surrounded by higher land.

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Major Cities

• Major Cities in the Intermountain Basins
  Plateaus include
  
• El Paso
• Fort Stockton

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The Intermountain Basins and Plateaus
mountains, plateaus, basins, canyons desert cli
mate with little rainfall dry rocky soil limit
ed
plant life (desertgrasses, shrubs, cacti)
ranching some farming with irriga- tion oil, s
ulfur, silver tourism El Paso (military bases,

Mexican trade, I-10 trade route)
small, concentrated in a few small towns
El Paso (one of the largest Texas cities
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Native American Tribe
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The Pueblo Culture Area
Jumano had no immunity many died
less water for irrigation led to crop failure
plains grasses died, drove buffalo away
by mid-1700s, Jumano lost control of much of
their land
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