Title: Entomologa Control de los insectos
1EntomologíaControl de los insectos
- Reed Findlay, Extension Educator- University of
Idaho - Juan Manuel Alvarez-Research and Extension
Entomologist University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID
2Contenido
- La taxonomía
- la Anatomía y la Fisiología
- las Partes de la boca de Insecto
- insectos de yarda
- Insectos predatorio y los Parásitos
- Las Arañas
3Entomología- El estudio de insectos
- La taxonomía
- Mariquita (Ladybug)
- Reino Animal
- Filo Arthropoda
- Clase Insecta
- Ordenes Coleoptera
- Familia Coccinellidae
- Especie Hippodamia convergens
4Algunas Clases del Filo Arthropoda
- Crustacea- cochinillas de humedad
- Diplopoda- milpies
- Chilopoda- ciempies
- Arachnida- arañas, acaros, garrapatas
- Symphyla- synfilas
- Pycnogonida- sea spiders
- Xiphosura- horseshoe crabs
5Anatomía (Clase Insecta)
- Seis pies (orugas tienen pies falsas)
- Tres partes del cuerpo
- La Cabeza
- El Torax
- El Abdomen
- Esqueleto Externo (la cuticula)
- Uno o dos pares de alas
- Un par de Antenas
6Anatomía
Cabeza
Torax
Abdomen
7La Metamorfosis completa
8Crisalida
9Adulto
10Desarrollo del Mosquito Metamorfosis completa
Huevo
Crisalida
Adulto
Anophelinae Mosquito- el portador de malaria
11La Metamorfosis Simple (gradual o incompleta)
Huevo
Ninfa
Adulto
12Shield Bug
13Assassin Bug
14- Los insectos más ligeros son avispas diminutos
menos de 0,13 de un milímetro largo (tan pequeño
como la punta de una aguja de la costura) - Los insectos más pesados son escarabajos de
Goliat que pesan apenas bajo una libra y son más
de siete pulgadas de largo.
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16Los insectos Pueden Aparecer Muy Diferente
Crab Louse
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18IO Moth Caterpillar
19Mantisipid
20Ordenes de la Clase Insecta
- Coleoptera escarabajos
- Lepidotera mariposas, polillas
- Hymenoptera abejas, avispas, hormigas
- Diptera moscas
- Hemiptera chinches
- Homoptera afidos, escamas
- Orthoptera saltamontes
- Thysanoptera lepismas
21Coleo vaina ptera alas. 40 de todos los
insectos, 25 de todos los animales
Lepido escala ptera alas
Hymen membrana ptera alas
Di dos ptera alas
Hemi un-mitad ptera alas Homo uniform
Ortho recto ptera alas
Thysano a franja ptera alas
22Los insectos son esenciales a nuestro mundo
23Generalmente los insectos son asociados con la
transmisión de plagas o la enfermedad
European Corn Borer
24- Es Importante Ser Capaz de Identificar Insectos
como Jardineros Magistrales - Insista a Ver el Insecto o Su Daño
- No Mate Insectos Beneficioso
25- La mayoría de los insectos son beneficiosas o
inocuas - Algunos son beneficioso y destructivo
26Las hormigas del carpintero son beneficiosas al
ayudar a decaer árboles caídos en el bosque
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28Las hormigas del carpintero son pestes cuando
ellos ayudan a decaer la madera en nuestros
hogares
29Los insectos Coevolucionaron con Plantas
- Los ecosistemas establecidos Más especie de
insecto, generalmente en equilibrio - ecosistemas Agrícola menos especie pero más
estallidos (brote) de insectos
30Por qué Estallidos?
- La eliminación de enemigos naturales
- La capacidad alta de la reproducción (un áfido
30 ninfas X 8 generaciones sucesivas
656,100,000,000 áfidos)
31- De las 32 órdenes de insecto, sólo 9 comen
plantas vivas.
32Las maneras de Comer Plantas
- Hay varios grupos de insectos que usan estilos
semejantes de comer plantas
33Partes de la boca de insecto
- Varios tipos de boca (mascando, cortar, sponging,
lapping, el penetrar, chupar, extrayendo por
sifón y raspando). - Identificación de boca es importante al decidir
que pesticida para utilizar (Pesticidas
sistémicos matan insectos que chupan mejor que
insectos que mascan su alimento. ).
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35Mouthpart Variation
- Las partes de la boca pueden cambiar de un ciclo
vital a otro. - La polilla extrayendo por sifón
- La oruga mascando
36Mascar
- La manera más común en cuál insectos procesan la
materia de planta - Escarabajos, Saltamontes,Avispas (las etapas de
joven y adulto) - Moscas, Mariposas (larvas)
- Tijeretas y postas
37El Daño de Insectos que Mascan
- Las hojas de Skelotonized (Esqueleto)
- los Hoyos
- las hojas Comidas en su bordean
- Enteramente consumido
38Mineros de las plantas
- Los insectos que comen entre las superficies
superiores y más bajas de hojas (larvas de muchos
insectos y algunos adultos de escarabajo) - Mariposas, moscas y escarabajos
- Algunos vacunan madera con hongos
39Insectos de la tierra
- Alimentan sobre las partes subterráneas de la
planta. - Generalmente son el larvosa o las etapas de nifa.
- Los gusanos de elatérido, larva blancas, algún
mealybugs y los áfidos, ninfas de cigarra, y
algunas larvas de mosca
40Insectos que Chupan
- Los bichos verdaderos, los áfidos, leafhoppers,
spittlebugs, las escalas (scale), thrips, arados
de araña. - Algún daño mecánico.
- La saliva inyectada puede ser tóxica.
- La transmisión de enfermedades víricas.
41Virus Transmission by Aphids
Persistent
Non-persistent
42Lepidopteran- Partes de la boca adultas
Cross section of the proboscis
43El control del insecto en la yarda- Insectos
Beneficiosos
- Ladybug beetle
- Parasitic wasps
- Big-eyed bug
- Parasitic mites
- Parasitic nematodes
- Praying mantids
- Lacewing predator
- Pirate bug
- Solider beetles
44Green lacewing
nematodes
Predatory mites
45Las plantas que atraen Insectos
- Dill
- Wild Carrot
- Fennel
- Coriander
- Others
- Anise
- Blue Lace
- Caraway
46Métodos de Control de insecto
- Mecánico
- Químico
- Biológico
- Cultural
- Regulativo
- La Administración de Peste que Integró
47Common Insecticides Available to Home Vegetable
Gardeners
2003 PNW Insect Management Handbook
48Aphid
- Soft bodied insects
- Green, pink, wooly, etc.
- Control
- Strong spray of water
- Wash off aphids
- Rupture aphids
- Insecticidal soap
- Several applications
- Malathion, Endosulfan, neem extract
49Grasshoppers
- Predators of grasshoppers birds, coyotes,
skunks, snakes, spiders, insects, mites,
nematodes. - Fall cultivation of eggs.
- Insecticides carbaryl (Sevin), malathion.
- Dimilin a new restricted use herbicide which
disrupts molting. Does not harm beneficial
insects. For rangelands.
50Earwigs
- Eliminate hiding places such as plant debris,
mulch, and boards. Spring cultivation (eggs). - Can use boards or plastic, or fish oil to
concentrate and destroy earwigs. - Chemical- carbaryl (Sevin) dust. Apply to soil
and again in 3 weeks. - Pre harvest interval varies with crop.
- Corn- diluted soap.
51Wire worms/Click Beetle
- Larvae chew on plants, esp. tubers and bulbs.
- Do not usually sever plants like cutworms
- Regular cultivation (at low temperatures)
- Crop rotation
52Cut Worms
- Adult is a miller moth.
- Larvae does feeding damage.
- Hard to control when larvae are mature.
- Disking and tillage effective.
- Encourage birds and spiders
- Kill weeds (harborage).
- Sevin spray or bait, also spinosad
- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
- Nematodes
53Western Yellowstriped Armyworm
- Larve of Miller Moth
- Pupa overwinter in soil
- Adults emerge in April
- White inverted Y on head
- Control weeds
- Lambsquarter and Wild Mustard attract moths
- Fall tillage to destroy pupa
- Bacillus thuringiensis for larval control
- Carbaryl (Sevin), Spinosad
54Mormon Cricket
- Shield backed Katydid
- Range- sagebrush/forbs
- Adults lay eggs is summer
- Overwinter as eggs
- Emerge in Spirng when sol temp reaches 40º F
- 1 Mormon Cricket / sq. yard
- Can consume 38 lbs. dry matter / acre
- Dimilin- growth hormone (rangeland,doesn't kill
bees) - Sevin bait, Malathion, cyfluthrin
55Millipedes
- Water loving- common following rainstorm.
- Feed on decaying plant material, root crops,
bulbs, and fruit on ground. - Fix leaks, clear debris
- Use boards on ground to
- concentrate them.
- Sevin, Tempo, or Ficam
56Corn Blotch Leafminer
- New pest in our area
- Fly lays eggs on leaf
- Hatch into larvae
- Larvae eat between
- leaf surfaces
- Leave epidermis as a silvery film over mines
57Codling Moth
- Larvae bore into apples and pears.
- Found about May 15-20.
- Spray 10 days after full petal fall.
- Repeat spray as necessary.
- Or spray first of June with a follow-up spray
June 14-21 and again near July 1. - Occasionally, a second generation of moths can
emerge in August.
58Codling Moth
- Chemicals to use
- Bacillus thuringiensis needs frequent spray
intervals (7-10 days). - Sevin- will cause fruit thinning.
- Malathion- low persistance.
- Kaolin clay- as a repellant.
- Dormant sprays not effective.
59Raspberry Crown Borer
60Raspberry Crown Borer
- Adult looks like a wasp.
- Larvae are caterpillars that feed on the cane.
- Symptoms spindly canes that break off at ground
level. - Two year life cycle (needs to be sprayed for two
years). - Dig out and burn infested canes.
- Apply pesticide (until 12/31/04) October- March
to bottom two feet of cane.
61Raspberry Crown Borer
- azinphos-methyl at 2 lb ai/a.
- Apply as a crown drench in late March or before
bud break - Soak the insecticide in
62Colorado Potato Beetle
- Overwinters as an adult beetle.
- Control includes crop rotation, elimination of
weeds hosts (nightshade), hand picking. - Chemical- carbaryl (Sevin), endosulfan,
permethrin, and spinosad.
63Corn Earworm
- Predators and Parasites
- wasps, lacewings, pirate/damsel bugs
- Early plantings, fall plowing, clothespin at ear
tip, avoid tight husk varities - Apply insecticide dusts when silks appear
- Carbaryl (Sevin), Cyfluthrin, Malathion,
Permethrin
64Slugs
- Bio- Birds, garter snakes, frogs, ducks, ground
beetles - Remove rocks, boards and other shelter
- Baits
- Salt
- Can of stale beer sunk into the ground
65Insect control - Lawn Grubs
- Larva of June Beetle
- Hatch Jul.-Aug.
- Feed on roots
- Irregular patches
- Lifts out easily
- Control- proper watering, fertilizing
- sevin (July, wash in), Merit, MACH 2
- Beneficial nematodes
66Billbugs in Turf
- Weevil like adult, larvae is a small (1/8),
white, C shaped grub with a dark brown head. - Feed on grass roots. (Adults feed on leaves)
- Symptoms- dry, irregular dead patches, easily
pulled up. - Plant resistant grasses ryegrass, fescues, with
endophytic fungi.
67Billbugs in Turf
- Chemical control
- Spray insecticides in early May before egg laying
occurs. (Do not irrigate for several days, and
mow lawn prior to application) - Latter treatments may be needed
- Apply granules and water in with ½ inch
- Sevin, Merit, MACH 2 (for larvae).
- Exhibit Beneficial nematodes
68Borers
- Many types attack ornamental trees
- Often borer attack is a sign of tree injury or
stress, and therefore is only secondary. - Use pheromone traps to time control.
- Chemical carbaryl (Sevin) applied to trunk and
lower limbs in late spring. Avoid contacting
foliage. - Specific controls for bronze birch, clover
root, grape twig, peach twig, poplar, willow, and
raspberry borers.
69Saperda Beetle
- Atack Aspens
- Adults lay eggs on
- trunk and limbs
- Larve bore into tree
- Control adults in early July
- Apply Sevin to trunk and limbs
70Spittlebugs
- Insects form white frothy masses of bubbles like
spittle - Similar to a leafhopper
- Usually not harmful to the plant
- wash off with a strong stream of water
- Spray with Sevin in June
71Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid
- Aphid like insect
- Spruce, Douglas Fir
- Weakens, doesn't kill
- Control -
- Spray in spring
- New growth forming
- Crawler stage
- Imidacloprid
- Control of adelgid protects from other problems.
72Scale
- Adults immobile (scale)
- Crawler stage (early summer)
- Horticultural oil (dormant sprays)
- For adults
- Late winter, early spring
- Insecticidal soap
- For crawler stage
73Western Tent Caterpillar
- Yellow hairs
- Protective silken tent
- Destructive defoliators
- Chokecherry species
- Control
- Cut out nest
- Spray inside nest- Sevin, spinosad
- Bio Control- Bacillus thuringiensis
- must eat sprayed leaves
74Cicadas
- Loud Buzz sound
- Same order as aphids
- Adults appear in July and August
- Lay eggs in tree
- Wingless nymphs hatch, fall to ground and eat
roots - Later they crawl up tree to molt into adult
- Females dammage trees with sawlike ovipositors
- Cut out and destroy dammaged twigs
- Two applications of Sevin two weeks apart
75Subterranean Termites
- Get positive ID. No constriction
- Nests in soil, construct shelter tubes.
- Avoid wood to soil contact
- Remove all wood debris around structure.
- Chemical- Demon, Dursban, sodium borate (these
chemicals are restricted use insecticides and you
will most likely need to hire a pesticide
applicator.
76Ants
- May establish nests outside, under home, or in
wall voids. - Seal entry points around pipes, cabinets, doors
and windows. - Use ant baits, be patient, they take several
weeks to be effective. - Chemical- boric acid
- Fumigation or maintenance treatments are not
effective.
77Yellow jackets
- Cone shaped traps
- Bait with tuna fish, cat food, canned fruit, or
baloney. - Wasp and hornet spray
- Use early in morning
- Stand back
- Treat three times before colony is killed.
78Stink Bugs (black)
- Stink bug usually refers to a Hemiptera/.
- In SE Idaho refers to a darkling beetle.
- Family Tenebrionidae
- Genus Eleodes (100 species in west)
- Scavengers, feed on decaying plant matter
- Raise abdomen at 45 angle
- Emit foul smelling black fluid.
79Box Elder Bugs
- Hemiptera -bug family
- Congregate on walls
- Migrate into dwellings
- Low damage or harm
- Control
- Spray ineffective
- Apply late April
- Vacuum, seal cracks
- No natural predators
- ½ quart vinegar to ½ quart water with 1tbs. Soap
80Mosquitoes
- Control best if applied over a large area
- Larvicides applied to water
- Temephos (Abate), methoprene (Altosid), Bt, oil,
wax - Adulticides Applied to adults
- Dibrom (Naled), permethrin, malathion
- Most of these are restricted use pesticides.
81Springtail or Snow Flea
- extremely small, wingless jumping insect
- Can occur in large numbers near water
- feed on decaying organic matter, but may damage
young seedlings - Drain and eliminate moisture, leaves, and mulch
- Insecticidal soap
82Assassin Bugs/Kissing bug
- Predacious to all insects smaller than themselves
(beneficial?) - Enter homes inadvertently
- Diurnal
- Readily bite humans
83Black Grass Bug
84Black Grass Bug
- Overwinters in CRP lands
- Dammage resembles dormant grass
- Dammage starts at edge of lawn
- Malathion and Parathion
- No effective on adults
- Spray effective only on nymphs
- Methyl Parathion (Declare) on pasture
85Predators and Parasites
- Beneficial
- Require careful crop management
- Some crop loss
86Parasites
- Parasites usually smaller than their prey
- Gradually weaken then kill their prey
- Immature consume at their own leisure
Nematode Parasitic Dammage on White Grubs
87Predators
- Kill their prey out right
- Usually larger than their prey
88Ichneumonid Wasp
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90Thrips- Rasping Mouth
91Silverfish
Firebrat
92Springtail
93Termites
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95Anaplura
96Mallophaga
97Spider Mites
- Tiny soft bodied (All spider mites), need a hand
lens - Two spots on the back
- Clear, green, orange or red
- Two-spotted spider mite
98Spider mites
- Carmine red with white spines
- European Red Mite
99Spider Mites
- Brownish or greyish
- Flat
- Very long front legs
- Brown mite and the clover mite
100Ticks
- Look like large mites
- Parasites of animals and humans
101Spiders
- Larger than mites
- Thin cephalothorax
- Predators
102Banded Garden Spider/Argiope
- Beneficial orb web weaver
- Hunt- moths, grasshoppers flies
- White/ transverse black bands
- Legs are longer than the body and have dark bands
103Jumping spiders (Salticidae)
- Diurnal
- Irregular gait and leap
- Good eye site (4 to 8)
- Beneficial family
104Black Widow
- Shy, likes dark, dank places
- Messy web
- Shiny black with reddish or orange hour glass
design - Moderate size
- Males and immature can have stripes of red,
yellow and black on abdomen
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106Brown Recluse Spider
- A hunting spider
- Brown fiddle case on brown or grayish
background - Poor eye sight
107Hobo Spider (Aggressive House Spider)
- Very common light brown spider
- Painless bite
- Skin sloughs off
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109Yellow Sack Spider
110Crab Spider
111Jumping Spider
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114Scorpions
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117Insect Control
- Bug Zappers
- Sound Emitters
- Sticky Traps
- Foggers
- Organic (Insecticide Soaps, Bt, Fungus)
- Chemical Last
118The End