North Carolina Report

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Appalachian Wind Energy Dennis Scanlin
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Area of Wind Power Classes 24 Western NC
Counties _at_ 50 meters
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Watauga, Ashe Avery Counties
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Wind Resource Mapping
Final New Mexico Wind Resource Map
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County Wind Maps for Western NC

• Western NC Wind Resources
• Windy land on or near ridge tops
• Some excellent wind resources
• Area not widespread
• 2 class 4 higher
• 12 class 2 higher
• Close to 1 million acres of windy land
• Over 1,000 miles of ridge line
• 1/3 to ½ good wind sites on
• public lands

www.wind.appstate.edu
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10 acre resolution on wind maps

• good wind sites on or near ridge tops
• higher elevations have higher average
• wind speeds

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Elevation Wind Velocity
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Wind Monitoring Activities

• anemometers wind vanes
• 20 50 meter towers
• data collected and stored every
• 10 minutes
• wind speed averages and
• wind directions

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Measuring Devices and Parameters

• Anemometer
• Best indication of energy production
• Indicator of turbulence
• Provide information on wind shear
• Wind Vane
• Wind rose
• Siting
• Temp Sensor
• Identify icing events
• Air density
• Barometric Pressure
• Air Density
• Data Loggers

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Monthly and Annual Wind Speed Averages _at_ 20 meters
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• Large Scale Wind Energy
• Some outstanding wind sites throughout region
• 18 projects completed
• 280 MW
• class 4 wind over 2 of land in NC (8,000 MW
  potential)

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Benefits of Each 1.5 MW Turbine

• 5 million kwh/yr
• 500 homes
• 500,000 _at_ .10/kwh
• 7.5 million lbs CO2/yr
• 8.3 tons NOX/yr

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Capacity Cost Trends
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Economics

• Each 100 MW of wind energy development in region
  will produce approximately
• 27 million in direct, indirect, induced
  economic benefit to state during construction and
  3 million each year during operation
• 7.32 million paid in wages during construction
  and 1.35 million in wages each year during
  operation
• 250 jobs during construction
• 45 long term jobs
• Property tax revenue approximately 550,000/year
  in NC (low by national standards)
• Land Lease Payments 250,000 - 400,000/year
  (2-3 of gross revenue or 2500-4000/MW/year)
• Approximately 350 million kwh every year, at a
  competitive price and without any air pollution
  or energy price increases. Enough to power
  33,000 houses.

Each MW of wind development costs approximately
1million dollars Each MW of wind will produce
between 3 3.5 million kwh/year on a good wind
site.
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Appalachian Region Wind Projects
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Boone, NC 2MW Mod-1 Turbine 1979 - 1983
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Searsburg, VT

• 11 540 KW Zond Turbines
• 6 MW
• 1997
• Green Mountain Power

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Pennsylvania Projects

• 6 Projects
• 129 MW
• Date first online 1999
• Green Mountain Energy Exelon Power Team

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• Buffalo Mountain Wind Farm
• 28.98 MW
• 3 - 660 KW Vestas V-47
• 15 1.8 MW Vestas V80
• 2000 2004
• TVA purchases for Green Power
• Switch Program

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• WVa Mountaineer Wind Energy Center
• 44 - NEG Micon 1500s
• Exelon Power Team
• 66 MW
• online in 2002

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• Small Wind Energy Activity
• Many geographical possibilities
• At least 12 of land area
• Technology is improving
• Incentives available
• .10 / kwh possible

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Modern Small Wind TurbinesHigh Tech, High
Reliability, Low Maintenance

• Small turbines range from 20 W to 100 kW
• Only 3-4 moving parts means very low maintenance
• 20- to 40-year design life
• Proven technology 150,000 installed over a
  billion operational hours
• American companies are the market and technology
  leaders
• Substantial cost-reduction potential

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Small Wind Turbine Towers
Tilting tubular
Freestanding lattice
Guyed lattice
Guyed Tower
Tilt-Up Tower
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A Valuable, Widely-Available Resource

• Small Wind Energy Systems
• Value of Power 6-18 / kWh
• Installed cost of 2-3/Watt is 1/3 to 1/2 that
  of solar technologies

Require less wind to operate than utility-scale
wind energy applications
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Wind Turbine Installed CostExample
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SWI Research Demonstration SiteBeech Mountain,
NC (class 5)
www.wind.appstate.edu
SWWP AirX 400W 33 kWh/mon
SWWP Whisper H40 900W 155 kWh/mo
Bergey XL.1 1000W 185 kWh/mo
African AWP3.6 1500W 362 kWh/mo
SWWP Whisper 175 3000W 697 kWh/mo
Jacobs 31-20 20kW 3991 kWh/mo
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On-Grid Wind System without Storage
Meter
AC
Inverter
Windturbine
Load
02770329
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Batteryless Grid Tie System
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Net Metering By State
25 kW
25 kW
15/150 kW
100 kW
100 kW
50 kW
40 kW
10/400 kWPV Only
60 kW
25 kW
20 kW
20 kW
25/100 kW
25 kW
25 kW
No Limit
100 kW
10 kW
No Limit
1,000 kWh/ mo
30 kW
100 kW
40 kW
25 kW
25 kW
10/500kW
10/25 kW
1 MW
80 kW Solar Only
100 kW, 25,000 kWh/y
25/100kW
10 kW
10 kW
10/100kW
50 kW
25/100 kW
PVOnly
50 kW
Revised 9Jul04
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• In conclusion
• Appalachian region has some outstanding wind
  resources
• 18 large scale projects in 7 states
• 280 MW
• Many opportunities for small wind